日本老龄人口看护福祉体系的建构及对中国的借鉴  

The Construction of Aging Population Nursing Welfare System in Japan with Reference to China

作　　者：张卫彬[1] 王姝文[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽财经大学法学院,安徽蚌埠233030

出　　处：《现代日本经济》2015年第3期71-82,共12页Contemporary Economy OF Japan

基　　金：安徽省社科院委托项目"养老社会化存在的问题及对策"(皖社科字[2014]29号)

摘　　要：家庭养老观念在日本根深蒂固,但20世纪60年代以来家庭规模逐步缩小,家庭结构趋于简单化,人口老龄化问题日趋严重。为了缓解人口老龄化给社会带来的压力和问题,日本在对老年人看护福祉制度体系的构建上,遵循立法先行、不断修改、不断完善立法的原则。传统家庭养老模式也转变为以居家养老与公共福利服务和市场化服务并重的社会化模式,实现了老年人医疗和看护一体化。目前,我国正面临人口老龄化的严峻挑战,以日本为借鉴,我国应尽快完善相关法律法规并制定相应的配套制度及具体的实施细则,科学合理规划统筹管理体系;加大住宅型养老设施建设,重构居家养老看护服务体系;同时,注重对护理人员的人才培养。The concept that family is the traditional social institution for the care of the elderly deeply roots in Japan. However, since the 1960s, the size of family gradually reduced, and structure tended to be simplified, therefore the problem of aging population was becoming more and more serious. In order to respond to population aging Japan followed the principle of legislation in advance, continuous modification and perfection in the construction of aging population nursing welfare system. The traditional family pension mode changed into laying equal stress on the socialization mode of home - based care services, public welfare and market service, which realized integration of the elderly medical and nursing. China today is facing severe challenges of the population aging. As the reference, China should improve the relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible, make the corresponding supporting system and specific implementation details, plan overall management system rationally, strengthen the facilities construction for the elderly, and reconstruct home - based care service system, meanwhile, emphasize the cultivation of nursing staff.

关 键 词：看护保险制度 家庭养老模式 养老社会化 人口老龄化 日本 

分 类 号：F133.131[经济管理—世界经济]