明代两淮运学倡设中的盐商地位变迁  

Liang Huai Salt Merchants Status Changes from Setting up the Salt School in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：吕小琴[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]河南大学历史文化学院 [2]河南师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《兰州学刊》2015年第4期71-76,共6页

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"清代海疆政策与开发研究"(项目编号:13&ZD093);河南师范大学青年基金项目"明代两淮盐场社会问题及其应对研究"(项目编号:2013qk29)

摘　　要：明中叶以降,两淮盐商子弟遭遇异地科考困境。为此,两淮山陕籍盐商、徽籍盐商合力多次通过盐场官员奏请创建盐场运学来解决这个问题,虽一再被朝廷否决,但终于万历十三年以山陕籍盐商子弟可凭"商籍"异地科考而获部分解决。未沾优惠的徽籍盐商被迫继续向明朝廷吁请创建运学,但因此举已不符实力强大的山陕籍盐商利益而遭遇掣肘,最终两淮运学即使在得到崇祯皇帝允可情况下仍不免创建未果。明代两淮运学倡设始末反映出两淮盐商在实力和地位上的两方面变化:一是明中叶以降,两淮盐商因整体实力的增强而使其政治地位逐渐得到提升,最终促使明廷出台举措解决其子弟异地科考问题;一是明代淮扬地区的盐商界是由山陕商人为主导的,尽管万历以后徽籍盐商实力大增,呈超越山陕籍盐商之势,但是,即便至明末山陕籍盐商在地位上仍不亚于徽籍盐商。Along with the serious waiting salt phenomenon and the change of salt laws,the number of liang huai salt merchants in Yangzhou area increased sharply,the remote education problems of merchants＇ children created. Lianghuai Salt merchants tried to set up salt school according Hedong salt shool,they successively expressed this wish through the high salt officials in the Hongzhi thirteen years,Jiajing twenty- eight years,Chongzhen five years and Chongzhen sixteen years,but the results failed. For taking care of salt merchants,the Ming ruler implemented a system in Wanli thirteen years. This is a compromise that the children of salt merchants get the imperial privilege. This system not only solved the problem of education,but also saved a huge amount of funds and avoided the cumbersome procedures for running the school. It got into effect immediately. However,it only gave the benefit to the children of salt merchants form Shanxi,exclude the children of salt merchants form Huizhou. Thereafter,salt merchants form Huizhou still committed to set up the salt school. Salt merchants form Shanxi bitterly disagreed because it no longer met their interests. Finally it still aborted,even geting the emperor＇s permission. It reflected from one side the complex relationship among salt merchants,salt official and ruler. Moreover,it reflect the changes in strength between salt merchants form Shanxi and salt merchants form Huizhou.

关 键 词：明代 盐商子弟 两淮运学 “商籍” 地位变迁 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学]