毒蕈中毒防治健康教育内容及方法初探  

Preliminary study on health education content and methods for mycetism prevention

作　　者：谢立璟[1] 周静[1] 龙鑫[1] 唐丽萍[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《中国健康教育》2014年第2期111-114,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Education

基　　金：卫生部卫生行业科研专项(201202006-02);中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所青年科研基金项目(11ZD0503)

摘　　要：目的探讨毒蕈中毒防治健康教育的主要内容、形式及效果,为今后的毒蕈中毒控制工作奠定基础。方法调查医务人员对毒蕈中毒防治知识、小学生对毒蕈识别知识掌握情况,研制预防毒蕈中毒健康教育媒体材料。针对医务人员发放毒蕈防治手册4000册,向小学生发放宣传折页200份。对265名医务人员及176名小学生实施面对面授课,并评价其短期干预效果。结果研制5类7种媒体材料,包括手册(全国版、云南版)、折页、幻灯片课件(专业版、科普版)、招贴画、仿真示教标本。医务人员问卷调查结果示毒蕈中毒临床分型知识知晓率为31.54%(82/260);毒蕈中毒防治知识问卷平均分为(68.02±18.00)分;医务人员最希望了解毒蕈中毒防治知识的方式为面对面授课(73.85%,192/260)。小学生问卷调查结果显示毒蕈识别知识问卷平均分为(56.73±17.23)分;小学生最希望了解毒蕈中毒预防知识的方式为网络(74.42%,128/172)。医务人员、小学生干预(授课)前后知识问卷平均分分别由(68.02±18.00)分提高到(86.55±14.17)分、(56.73±17.23)分提高到(90.45±13.21)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论短期内预防毒蕈中毒的健康教育内容应以纠正毒蕈识别误区、加强专业人员毒蕈中毒诊疗知识培训、加强公众不随意采食野生蕈菌意识为主要内容。面对面授课等健康教育方法对毒蕈中毒防治起到一定干预作用。Objective To find the main content, methods and effectiveness of health education on prevention of poisonous mushrooms. Methods The prevention and treatment knowledge of mycetism （mushroom poisoning） among medical staffs and the identification knowledge of poisonous mushrooms among pupils were investigated. Communication materials for health education about myeetism prevention were developed. 4000 manuals were distributed to medical staffs and 200 leaflets to pupils. Face-to-face lectures were conducted to 265 medical staffs and 176 pupils, and the effectiveness of short intervention was evaluated. Results Totally, 5 categories involving 7 kinds of communication materials were developed, including manuals （national and Yunnan edition）, leaflet, PowerPoint course wares （public and professional edition） , post- ers, simulation teaching specimens. Questionnaire survey among medical staffs showed that the awareness rate of clinical di- agnosis of mycetism was 31.54% （82/260） , the average score of knowledge about mycetism prevention was （68.02 ± 18.00）, and the face-to-face teaching method was the most preferred method （73.85%, 192/260） in medical staffs. The other questionnaire survey among primary students showed that the average score of knowledge on identification of poisonous mushrooms was （56. 73 ±17.23）, the network was the most favorite way to obtain information in primary students （74. 42%, 128/172）. For effectiveness evaluation of face-to-face teaching, the average score of knowledge questionnaire was increased from （68.02±18.00） to （86.55 ±14.17） in staffs, from （56.73 ±17.23） to （90.45 ±13.21） in pupils, the differences were statistically significant （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion It is suggested that health education programs should be paid more attention to correct identification of poisonous mushrooms, enhance the training on diagnosis and treatment of myeetism a- mong medical staffs, and improve the awareness that casually collecting and eating wil

关 键 词：毒蘑菇 蕈中毒 识别 健康教育 

分 类 号：R193[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] R155.32[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]