马克思主义需要理论视域下的生态需要特征  

Ecological Needs from the Perspective of Marxist Theory of Needs

作　　者：蓝强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院,北京100872

出　　处：《科学．经济．社会》2014年第4期20-23,共4页Science Economy Society

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目"马克思主义需要理论视域下的生态需要"(15XNH070)成果

摘　　要：生态需要是指人类对自然界提供的生态产品和生态服务的需要。它既是人类的最基本的生存需要,同时又是一种高级需要即享受需要和发展需要,因而是人类的基本需要和高级需要的统一体。生态需要具有渗透性特征和层次性特征。生态需要具有物质需要属性和精神需要属性,具有渗透性特征。生态需要具有物质需要属性和精神需要属性,因此,生态需要与物质需要与精神需要有相互重合的部分。生态需要的层次性特征主要表现在:生态需要具有生存需要的最基本需要属性,同时又具有享受需要和发展需要等高层次的需要属性。因此,生态需要的生存需要属性、享受需要属性和发展需要属性分别与生存需要、享受需要、发展需要有一部分重合。Ecological needs refer to mankind＇s needs to ecological products and ecological services provided by nature. Itunifies human beings＇ basic needs and advanced needs. The ecological needs have osmotic characteristic and hierarchicalcharacteristic. Its osmotic characteristic refers to that ecological needs own the property of material needs and the propertyof spiritual needs. Therefore,ecological needs and material needs have overlapped parts. Ecological needs have also over-lapped part with spiritual needs. Its hierarchical characteristic refers to that ecological needs own the property of survivalneeds and sensual needs and developmental needs. Therefore,the property of survival needs,the property of sensual needsand the property of developmental need of ecological needs have overlapped parts with survival needs,sensual needs anddevelopmental needs,respectively.

关 键 词：马克思主义 生态需要 渗透性 层次性 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]