3·11日本大地震中社区的文化回应及人类学分析——以《应对海啸破坏的社区——大槌町避难所的地域原理及与他者的关系》为中心  

The Cultural Response of the Community to the March 11 Big Earthquake in Japan and an Anthropological Analysis——Focusing on The Community's Response to Tsunami Damage- the Regional Principle of the Otuchicyo Refuge and Its Relationship with Others

作　　者：赵蕤[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学外国语学院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2015年第1期85-90,124-128,共11页Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：2013年四川省哲学社会科学研究"十二五"规划课题"近30年日本学者的羌族研究文献综述"(项目编号:SC13E068);2014年四川省哲学社会科学重点研究基地"羌学研究中心"课题"松冈正子与羌区灾后重建研究"(项目编号:QXJ1404)

摘　　要：灾害人类学关于社区应急研究迄今为止较为薄弱,竹泽尚一郎通过对岩手县大槌町在3·11大地震后的回应研究发现即使在同一町也存在三种风格迥异的避难所。这种情况的形成与地方团体、乡村祭祀、行政区域变迁等社区活动有很大联系。《应对海啸破坏的社区——大槌町避难所的地域原理及与他者的关系》一书既是对社区回应更为细致和具体的补充,也为日本的防灾减灾提出了可行性方案。The anthropological study of disaster originated from the West＇s reflection on and discussion of problems which happened after World War II. The research focused on disaster behavior during that time,that is,the instantaneousness reaction to the stress and psychological research. It was a kind of fragmented research approach which did not use a holistic view to study or understand the disaster. With the rise of the concept of ＂fragility＂in 1970 s,the research on disasters was not limited to independent segments,such as behavior and reaction anymore. Instead,those factors which increased or slowed down the influence of disasters received attention. The pre- disaster social background,the behavioral reaction to a disaster,the recovery of the post- disaster community and so forth have been combined together to form a comprehensive totality. However,the quantitative research of fragility is from a kind of etic and elite perspective,which totally ignores the positive initiatives of the people themselves in the place where the disaster occurred. Hence,the understanding of and response to disasters in specific places require scholars to research the disasters more from the cultural concepts and life experiences of a specific place.Therefore,the concept of ＂community＂provides a more detailed level for anthropological studies on disasters,and also expands the research on the anthropology of disaster. Actually,the impactof disaster on a community is very broad. It includes, for instance, the challenge to the community＇s original morality or even its legal relationships; the community＇s dependency resulting from outside intervention; the division between property resources and economics; and the activation of former contradictions. Actually,traditional power,including family or community,has been the main subject of response to disasters. However,the disaster reduction planning in many countries rarely discusses the community＇s capability in emergency rescue. Seen throughout the research of the impact of dis

关 键 词：灾害 社区 文化回应 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]