医院典型废水处理工艺单元的抗生素去除效果与评价  

Removal and Evaluation of Antibiotics by Typical Hospital Wastewater Treatment Processes

作　　者：肖湘波[1] 唐天乐[1,2] 徐浩[1] 唐文浩[1,3] 王培[4] 杨洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学环境毒理学海口市重点实验室,海南海口570228 [2]海南医学院热带医学与检验医学院,海南海口571101 [3]海南大学热带作物种质资源保护与开发利用教育部重点实验室,海南海口570228 [4]昆明理工大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650500

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第4期121-127,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21367011);中西部高校项目(ZXBJH-XK004;XBJH-XK005和MWECSP-RT08)

摘　　要：采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测了医院废水中2种喹诺酮类（氧氟沙星、环丙沙星）和4种磺胺类（磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲叶恶唑）抗生素,并对医院废水处理工艺的抗生素去除能力进行了评价。结果表明,现行医院废水处理工艺对抗生素的去除能力介于36.3%~100%,废水处理工艺对医院废水中抗生素的去除能力由大到小为：＂厌氧池→好氧池→沉淀池→加氯＂〉＂化粪池→加氯＂〉＂好氧池→沉淀池→加氯＂;＂厌氧池→好氧池→沉淀池→加氯＂工艺对磺胺嘧啶和磺胺甲叶恶唑去除率达到100%,氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的去除率分别为92.5%和95.6%,磺胺甲基嘧啶的去除率为45.8%;＂化粪池→加氯＂工艺对磺胺甲基嘧啶和磺胺甲叶恶唑去除率达到100%,氧氟沙星的去除率达到97.4%,环丙沙星、磺胺嘧啶和磺胺二甲基嘧啶的去除率分别为75.0%、57.9%、36.3%;＂好氧池→沉淀池→加氯＂工艺对磺胺甲基嘧啶去除率达到100%,氧氟沙星、环丙沙星和磺胺甲叶恶唑的去除率分别为59.5%、10.9%和53.8%;厌氧单元对氧氟沙星去除效果较差,对磺胺嘧啶去除效果较好;纯氧曝气好氧单元对环丙沙星、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲叶恶唑和氧氟沙星的去除率分别为76.0%、62.5%、77.3%、68.4%和13.9%;加氯消毒单元对磺胺二甲基嘧啶的去除效果较差,对磺胺甲叶恶唑的去除效果较好,对其他4种抗生素的去除率也能达到50%以上。A method for determination of 2 quinolone antibiotics such as ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin and 4 sulfa antibiotics including sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethzine and sulfamethoxazole in hospital wastewater by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）was established, and the treatment capacity of 6 antibiotics by the existing processes was evaluated. Results showed that the treatment capacity of the existing processes was between 36.3% to 100%, with the treatment capacity of process from high to low as anaerobic pond-＋aerobic pond→sedimentation tank→chlorination, septic tank→chlorination, aerobic pond→sedimentation tank→chlorination. The removal rate of sulfadiazine and sulfamethoxazole by the process of anaerobic pond→aerobic pond→sedimentation tank→chlorination reached to 100%, the removal rate of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and precipitation were 92.5%, 95.6% and 45.8% , respectively. The removal rate of sulfamerazine and sulfamethoxazole by the process of septic tank→chlorination reached to 100%, the removal rate of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sulfadiazine and sulfamethazine were 97.4%, 75%, 57.9%, 36.3%, respectively. The removal rate of sulfamerazine by the process of aerobic pond→sedimentation tank→chlorination reached to 100%, the removal rate of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were 59.5%, 10.9% and 53.8%, respectively. The anaerobic pond had poor removal effect on sulfadiazine while had better removal effect on sulfadiazine. The removal rate of ciprofloxacin, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin by the pure-oxygen aeration were 76%, 62.5%, 77.3%, 68.4% and 13.9% respectively. The removal effect of chlorination on tile sulfamethazine was poor but on the sulfamethoxazole was well, and the chlorination can remove above 50% of the other 4. antibiotics.

关 键 词：医院废水 处理工艺 抗生素 去除率 评价 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]