云冈石窟大气细颗粒物化学成分的单颗粒分析  

Single-particle Characterization of Atmospheric Aerosols Collected at Yungang Grottoes

作　　者：赵磊[1,2] 耿红[1] 张润平 朱继浩[4] 赵云鹏[2] 张世杰[2] 刘玉斌[2] 史旭荣 卢铁彦[1,5] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学环境科学研究所 [2]山西大学环境与资源学院,山西太原030006 [3]云冈石窟研究院,山西大同037007 [4]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,浙江杭州310012 [5]仁荷大学化学系

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2015年第4期138-143,182,共7页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：山西省文物保护科学和技术研究课题(2012-kb-01);2014年国家大学生创新创业训练项目(201410108010)

摘　　要：定量电子探针X射线微区分析技术具有采样时间短、测量所需的样品量少、既能观察颗粒物的大小、形貌,又能获得元素定量组成的优点,是进行大气气溶胶单颗粒分析的有力工具。该文在详细介绍该技术操作步骤的基础上,将其应用于云冈石窟景区大气细颗粒物化学成分的研究,通过对20110918-20110921不同粒径范围的颗粒物测定结果表明:粒径大于1μm的颗粒主要含铝硅酸盐、碳酸钙、石英等初级矿物尘,反应或老化的矿物尘很少,二次颗粒基本未检出;粒径小于1μm的颗粒以有机碳和元素碳为主,且元素碳的相对丰度大于有机碳。以上结果说明在采样时段内当地以土壤尘、沙尘、煤尘以及燃烧产生的颗粒为主,SO2、NO2、有机物质对当地空气质量影响较小。The quantitative electron probe X-ray microanalysis is a powerful tool in single-particle characterization of atmospheric aerosols as it has the advantages of short sampling time and small amount of measured particle samples, and can obtain both particles＇ morphologies and elemental compositions. Herein,based on introduction of the detailed steps of its operation, it was utilized in characterizing＂ the atmospheric fine particulate matter collected on September 18-21, 2011 at Yungang Grottoes, Datong City, Shanxi Province. Results showed that the particles larger than 1μm in aerodynamic diameter were mainly composed of primary mineral dust particles such as aluminosilicate, calcium carbonate, and quartz, anti hardly contained reacted or aged mineral dust and secondary aerosols; while the particles less than ltxm in diameter mainly consisted of organic carbon （OC） and elemental carbon （EC） and the relative number abundance of EC is greater than that of OC. Results indicated that in the sampling period, local atmospheric fine particles mainly included dust from soil, sand, weathered rock and coal, and combustion products, and were made less influences from airborne SO2, NO2 and organic compounds.

关 键 词：电子探针微区分析法 大气细颗粒物 单颗粒分析 云冈石窟 

分 类 号：X831[环境科学与工程—环境工程]