耐火陶瓷纤维作业工人纤维粉尘职业接触水平分析  

Analysis on occupational exposure levels to fibrous dust for refractory ceramic fibers workers

作　　者：朱晓俊[1] 李涛[1] 王鸿飞[1] 康宁[1] 董一文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2015年第2期98-101,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(7152104);中国疾病预防控制中心青年科研基金资助项目(2013B101)

摘　　要：目的评估耐火陶瓷纤维（RCFs）生产企业不同工种和岗位作业工人纤维粉尘的职业接触水平,分析其接触特征。方法通过现场职业卫生学调查,选择较为典型的耐火陶瓷纤维生产企业,确定14个工种的37个岗位作为耐火陶瓷纤维职业接触水平检测对象。总粉尘质量浓度按《工作场所空气中粉尘测定第1部分：总粉尘浓度》（GBZ/T192.1—2007）进行测定,纤维计数浓度采用滤膜/相差显微镜法进行测定,估算不同工种及岗位作业人员的日接触浓度（CTWA,8 h）和周接触浓度（CTWA,40 h）,以5 mg/m^3和0.5 f/ml作为CTWA,40 h分析的参考值。结果总粉尘质量浓度的CTWA,40 h范围0.63-16.12 mg/m^3、纤维计数浓度的CTWA,40 h范围0.01-1.04 f/ml。生产RCFs的操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值2.56 mg/m^3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.19 f/ml,呈低总粉尘质量浓度、低纤维计数浓度的特征;加工RCFs的纺织车间操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值7.06 mg/m^3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.20 f/ml,呈高总粉尘质量浓度、低纤维计数浓度的特征;模块车间的操作工接触的总粉尘质量浓度平均值7.74 mg/m^3、纤维计数浓度平均值0.73 f/ml,呈高总粉尘质量浓度、高纤维计数浓度的特征。结论耐火陶瓷纤维作业工人接触的纤维计数浓度较低时,总粉尘质量浓度仍可能较高,联合测定两种表示单位的浓度可以更好地反映作业工人的职业接触特征。Objective To assess the occupational exposure levels of refractory ceramic fibers（ RCFs） workers with different types of work or post to fibrous dust in RCFs enterprises. Methods Based on the occupational health survey,37 posts of 14 working types in some typical RCFs enterprises were selected as subjects for detecting. The gravimetric concentration of total dusts was detected according to the national criteria： GBZ / T192. 1—2007（ Determination of dust in the air of workplace—Part1： Total dust concentration）,number concentration of fibre was detected using membrane / phase-contrast optical microscope method,then estimate the exposure concentration per day（ CTWA,8 h） and per week（CTWA,40h） of different posts,5 mg/m^3and0. 5 f / ml were taken as the reference values for the assessment of CTWA,40 h. Results The gravimetric concentration of total dust ranged 0. 63 - 16. 12 mg / m^3,the number concentration of fibre ranged 0. 01 - 1. 04 f/ml. The mean values of the gravimetric concentration of total dust and number concentration of fibre were 2. 56 mg / m^3 and 0. 19 f / ml for the manufacturing workers with the feature of low gravimetric concentration of total dust and low number concentration of fibre,7. 74 mg / m^3 and 0. 73 f / ml for the weavers with the feature of high gravimetric concentration of total dust and low number concentration of fibre,7. 74 mg / m^3 and 0. 73 f / ml for the module workers with the feature of high gravimetric concentration of total dust and high number concentration of fibre. Conclusions Even when the refractory ceramic fibers workers exposed to the lower number concentrations of fibre,the gravimetric concentration of total dust may still be higher. Determination the two concentrations together can better reflect the workers＇ occupational exposure features.

关 键 词：耐火陶瓷纤维 纤维计数浓度 总粉尘质量浓度 

分 类 号：R134.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]