安徽化肥消费现状和粮食作物节肥潜力分析  

Fertilizer Consumption and Fertilizer Saving Potential Analysis for Major Cereal Crops in Anhui

作　　者：邬刚[1,2] 袁嫚嫚[1,2] 孙义祥[1,2] 钱晓华[3] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院土壤与肥料研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽养分循环与资源环境省级实验室,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽省土壤肥料总站,安徽合肥230001

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第13期70-73,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项"农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用"(201103003);"一次性施肥技术研究与示范"(201303103)

摘　　要：[目的]通过总结2005~2014年安徽统计年鉴数据、农户调查数据及2 495个安徽粮食主产区的田间试验结果,分析安徽化肥消费动态变化和粮食作物节肥潜力。[结果]与2004年相比,2013年化肥施用总量及氮肥、钾肥和复合肥用量分别增加了21.9%、2.4%、6.7%和63.3%,磷肥用量减少了12.2%。经估算,2013年水稻、玉米和小麦生产共可节氮肥152 073 t,而需要增加1 841 t磷肥和24 863t钾肥,才能满足作物最佳营养需求。[结论]安徽农作物节氮潜力巨大,但是由于作物需肥特性不同和地区差异,需平衡施肥才能达到节肥、稳产的目的。[ Objective] Data from Anhui statistical yearbook of 2005 -2014, farmer households and 2 495 field experiments were summarized for the analysis of fertilizer consumption and fertilizer saving potential in Anhui. [ Result ] Compared with 2004, the amount of total fertilizer, ni- trogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer increased by 21.9%, 2.4%, 6.7% and 63.3%, respectively in 2013, while the a- mount of phosphate decreased by 12.2%. The calculation was that the nitrogen fertilizer saving number of major cereal crops was 152 073 t and the phosphate, potash fertilizer were increased by 1 841,24 863 t in order to meet the best nutrition demand of crops in 2013. [ Conclusion ] The nitrogen fertilizer saving of corps in Anhui had a huge potential. However, due to the different fertilizer demand characteristics of the crops, bal- anced fertilization should be adopted to achieve sustainable development of a^riculture.

关 键 词：安徽 化肥消费 粮食作物 化肥节约 

分 类 号：S146[农业科学—肥料学]