天津市秋季一次典型灰霾过程中颗粒物污染及化学成分特征分析  

Chemical Characteristics Analysis of Particulate Matter during a Typical Haze Process in Tianjin City in Autumn

作　　者：边玮瓅 董海燕[1] 元洁[1] 陈魁[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津市环境监测中心,天津300191

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第13期195-198,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2014BAC23B03);天津市重大科技专项项目(14ZCDGSF00027);2014年环保公益性行业科研专项(201409002)

摘　　要：为研究灰霾天气过程污染状况，在天津市南开区进行采样，分析了2011年10月17日～20日灰霾过程中PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度和化学成分特征。结果表明，此次灰霾过程是由高空风场减弱，低空暖湿气流增强，地面气压场减弱而形成。灰霾期间，PM2.5／PM10比值最高达71．9％，细颗粒物的质量浓度变化较粗颗粒物更为明显。PM10和PM2.5中，二次离子最高比例分别达31．9％、32．8％，NO3^-／SO4^2-的平均比值分别为0．95和0．89，说明此次灰霾过程中固定源和流动源影响相当；OC／EC比值最高分别为3．7和2．8，表明灰霾存在二次有机气溶胶污染，并在PM10中表现更为明显；人为源元素s最高比例分别为3．4％、3．6％，说明燃煤燃油对此次灰霾过程贡献较为突出。To study the pollution status during haze, a sampling work of PM2.5 and PM10 was conducted in Nankai district Tianjin during 17-20 October 2011. Mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 and their chemical composition were obtained. The results showed that the haze was formed because of the high-level wind field sunk down, warm and wet air flow of low-level strengthened and surface pressure field weakened. The highest ratio of PM25 to PMt0 is 71.9% and the PM25 concentration is more sensitive than PM10 in this haze process. Secondary irons accounted for 31.9% and 32.8% at their highest percentages and the ratio of NO3-/SO4^2- is 0.95 and 0.89 on average in PM25 and PM10 indieatiug that stationary sources and mobile source had the same contribution. OC/EC was 3.7 and 2.8 in PM25 and PM10 which showed that secondary organic reac- tion was more obvious in PM10 during the haze episode. S accounted for 3.4% and 3.6% in PM25 and PM10, indicating that coal and oil burning played an important role in the haze episode.

关 键 词：灰霾过程 PM10 PM2.5 化学成分 污染特征 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]