整体论:哲学人类学研究范式的格式塔转换  

Holism: Gestalt Transformation of the Research Paradigm in Philosophical Anthropology

作　　者：夏国军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院,上海200433

出　　处：《自然辩证法通讯》2015年第2期137-143,共7页Journal of Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：教育部社科基金后期资助项目"美国整体主义认识论研究"(项目编号:12JHQ048)

摘　　要：哲学人类学整体论探究兴盛于20世纪上半叶,使人类学得以复兴。不过,对于哲学人类学整体论概念的内涵,哲学人类学家们至今仍然莫衷一是,与之相应,哲学人类整体论的研究领域、研究对象等也是众说纷纭。以后期维特根斯坦为代表的派系主张,哲学人类学整体论应当探究语言符号与它们的文化背景和实践背景之间的关系,即侧重于探究整体与其组成部分之间的关系;而以拉尔夫·比尔斯和哈理·荷伊杰为代表的派系则主张,哲学人类学整体论应当探究文化系统各个组成部分或活动的直接或间接的联系以及相互影响,即侧重于探究整体的组成部分之间的关系与影响,等等。当然,一种健全的整体论探究应当两者兼顾。哲学人类学整体论概念内涵的不确定性决定了其外延的不确定性,尽管如此,方法论整体论、功能主义整体论、洗衣单整体论和过程整体论这四种形态的哲学人类学整体论值得关注。Inquiries into holism of philosophical anthropology flourished during the first half of the 20th century, which revived anthropology. However, philosophical anthropologists disagree with each other about what is the intension of the concept of holism of philosophical anthropology, and accordingly opinions vary as for its research domains and subjects. The school of which later Wittgenstein was a representative claims that holism of philosophical anthropology should inquire into the relation between signs of language and their cultural and practical backgrounds, that is to say, it should pay attention to the relation between the whole and its constituents, while the school of which Ralph L. Beals and Harry Hoijer were representatives claims that it should inquire into the direct and indirect relations between different parts or activities of the cultural system and how they influence each other, that is to say, it should pay attention to the relations between different parts composing the whole, and so on. Of course, a sound inquiry into holism should include all the two schools in question have done. The uncertainty of the intension of the concept of holism of philosophical anthropology determines the uncertainty of its extension. Even so, there are four kinds of holism to which we should pay close attention： the methodological holism, the functionalist holism or functional holism, the laundry-list holism and the processual holism.

关 键 词：哲学人类学 整体论 方法论整体论 功能主义整体论 洗衣单整体论 过程整体论 

分 类 号：N0[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]