黄浦江上游近自然混交林和人工纯林水源涵养功能评价  

Study on Water Conservation of Near-Natural Forest and Pure Forest in Upper Reaches of the Huangpu River

作　　者：蔡婷[1] 李阿瑾[1] 宋坤[1,2] 达良俊[1,2,3] 徐开钦 燕爱玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学生态与环境科学学院,上海200241 [2]浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,浙江宁波315114 [3]上海市城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室,上海200241 [4]国立环境研究所

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第2期36-40,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(08DZ1203102)

摘　　要：以上海黄浦江上游水源涵养林为研究对象,选择近自然混交林、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)人工纯林和无患子(Sapindus mukorossi)人工纯林,对比了地上部分、枯落物层、土壤层三个垂直层次的持水量,综合评价了其水源涵养功能。结果表明:地上部分持水量近自然混交林与香樟纯林持平,大于无患子纯林,分别为16.36t/hm2,16.85t/hm2,12.54t/hm2;枯落物层最大持水量依次为近自然混交林(0.37t/hm2)>无患子纯林(0.004t/hm2)>香樟纯林(0.003t/hm2);土壤层最大持水量近自然混交林(2 657.02t/hm2)>无患子纯林(2 526.81t/hm2)>香樟纯林(2 474.80t/hm2)。土壤层对森林涵养水源功能的贡献最大,但同时离不开地上部分及枯落物层三者间的相互依存和影响。综合评价得到不同类型林分的总持水量为近自然混交林(2 673.73t/hm2)>无患子纯林(2 539.35t/hm2)>香樟纯林(2 491.65t/hm2)。由此可见,林分复杂、树种多样、林下植被丰富的近自然混交林涵养水源的能力最强,优于单一的无患子纯林,而香樟纯林最差。This study focuses on water-holding capacity （WHC） of forest for conservation of water supply in upper reaches of the Huangpu River. Specifically, WHCs of canopy, litter layer and soil were compared with each other in the near-natural forest, the pure Cinnamomum camphora forest and the pure Sapindus mukorossi in the study region. The results showed that aboveground WHC of pure Cinnamomum camphora forest （16.36 t/hm2） was approximately equal to the ahoveground WHC of near-natural forest （16. 85 t/ hm2）, and was greater than the aboveground WHC of pure Sapindus mukorossi forest （12.54 t/hm2）. Order of WHCs among different forest types was the near-natural forest （0. 370 t/hm2） , pure Sapindus mukorossi forest （0. 004 t/hm2） and the pure Cinnamomum carnphora forest （0. 003 t/hm2） in terms of the litter layer, and the near-natural forest （2 657.02 t/hm2） , the pure Sapindus rnukorossi forest （2 526.81 t/hm2） and the pure Cinnamomum camphorar forest （2 474.80 t/hm2） with respect to the soil layer. The soil layer of the studied forest played the major role in the conservation of water supply, but it could not reach such a state without interactions with the aboveground and litter layers. The total water conservation is higher in the near-natural forest （2 673.73 t/hm2） than the pure Sapindus mukorossi forest （2 539.35 t/hm2）, and is the lowest in the pure Cinnamomum camphora forest （2 491. 65 t/hm2）. These results consistently suggested that the near-natural forest with complex community structure and high species diversity had the highest WHC, followed by the pure Sapindus mukorossi forest and the pure Cinnamomum camphora forest.

关 键 词：近自然混交林 水源涵养 林冠截留 枯落物持水 土壤物理性质 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]