一种棉花高效嫁接新方法及其利用  

A New Method of Cotton Efficient Grafting and Its Application

作　　者：张大伟[1] 刘忠山[1] 李春平[1] 刘素娟[1] 魏鑫[1] 徐建辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第3期416-419,428,共5页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部成果转化项目"棉花新品种新陆早50号高产优质栽培技术集成与示范推广"(2012GB2G400496);"十二五"国家"863"计划"分子聚合培育早熟;多抗棉花新品种"(2012AA101108-05-03)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选一种适宜新疆大面积嫁接的新方法,解决组培再生植株移栽成活率低的问题,提高新疆棉花的抗病性。【方法】试验用＂合接法＂、＂插皮法＂、＂劈接法＂三种已有报道的嫁接方法与摸索的＂嵌合法＂进行比较,分别作嫁接比较试验、砧木和接穗的配合试验和不同嫁接时期的比较试验。【结果】＂嵌合法＂嫁接棉苗的成活率最高,此嫁接方法操作简单,对砧木、嫁穗的选择范围要求不严;新海35号和新陆早42号的配合力最高;在棉苗生长至4叶1心时嫁接成活率最高。【结论】获得了一种高效的嫁接新方法＂嵌合法＂,棉苗嫁接成活率高达91.67%-100%;此方法体细胞再生植株、转基因植株、幼胚培养植株等无菌苗的嫁接,还可用于大规模嫁接棉花遗传分离群体、扩繁稀有种质资源等材料,同时也可用于抗病育种来提高棉花的抗病性。【Objective】This project aims to solve the low survival rate of regeneration plant tissue culture,at the same time to select a new grafting method that will be suitable for large area of grating in Xinjiang in order to improve the disease resistance of cotton.【Method】The ＂ close connection＂, ＂ bark piercing method＂ and ＂ cleft grafting method＂ were reported and they were compared with the author＇s exploring ＂ embedded method＂. All of them went through grafting comparison tests,rootstock and scion matching tests of different periods.【Result】The results showed that the grafted cotton seedling survival rate by ＂embedded method was the highest and this method was simple for operation and the range of choice for rootscok and ear was lax. Xinhai 35 and Xinluzao 42 had high combining ability. At the growth stage of four leaf 1 heart,the grafting survival reached the highest rate.【Conclusion】This research obtained a kind of efficient grafting new method-＂ embedded method＂,by which,cotton seedling graft survival rate was as high as 91. 67-100%; The somatic cell regeneration plant,transgenic plants,young embryo culture plant and vaccine-free grafting could also be used for large-scale grafting cotton genetic separation groups and enlarge numerous rare materials such as germplasm resources,meanwhile it could be aslo used for resistance breeding to improve the disease resistance of cotton.

关 键 词：棉花 高效 嫁接 新方法 插接法 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]