新疆红枣病害种类及田间发生  

Investigation of Chinese Jujube Diseases and Their Field Occurrence in Xinjiang

作　　者：赵燕[1] 郭庆元[1] 王洪凯[2] 王登元[1] 张燕南[1] 何建[1] 约麦尔.依萨米丁 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]浙江大学生物技术研究所,杭州310058

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第3期511-516,F0003,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆科学计划项目"新疆特色果树高效安全生产关键技术研究集成与示范"(201130102)

摘　　要：【目的】查明新疆红枣生长期病害种类及主要病害田间发生情况,分析主要病害发生规律,为枣树病害的进一步研究奠定基础。【方法】采用一般调查、重点调查、直接计数法、分级计数法、病原形态鉴定和分子鉴定的方法,对以阿克苏为重点的南疆部分地区红枣病害进行诊断,并对在现有防治水平下的病害发生情况进行调查。【结果】当前南疆红枣生长期病害约有10种,其中果实病害有缩果病、软腐病、果实黑斑病、裂果病等;叶部病害有炭疽病、叶黑斑病、缺素症及药害等,枝干部病害有腐烂病、流胶病。缩果病是红枣生长期主要病害,从幼果期开始整个生长期均可发生,田间病果率可达10%-30%;其它3种果实病害仅在果实成熟期为害严重;叶部病害和枝干部病害目前发生较轻。【结论】以缩果病为主的4种果实病害是当前红枣生产上发生较重,危害较大的病害。【Objective】This investigation is aimed at finding out variety of Chinese jujube diseases and understanding the field occurrence of the main diseases in Xinjiang,analyzing their occurrence regulation,and laying the foundation of further study of Chinese jujube diseases.【Method】General investigation,point investigation,direct count method,pathogenic test,morphology identification and molecular identification were used to make a preliminary investigation of jujube diseases in parts area in South Xinjiang.【Result】The investigation results showed that： at present,there were 10 kinds of diseases in the jujube growing period in Southern Xinjiang. Among them,4 kinds were fruit disease（ fruit shrink,soft rot,fruit black spot and cracked fruit）,4kinds were leaf diseases（ anthracnose,leaf black spot,nutrient deficiency symptom and herbicides injury）,and2 kinds were branch diseases（ canker and bleeding disease）. Jujube fruit shrink disease is the main one in jujube growing period. It occurred from the young fruit period to the fruit maturation period; Disease rate of jujube fruit shrink is between 10% and 30%. The other 3 kinds of fruit disease only damage the fruit in fructes-cence; Damage level of leaf diseases and branch diseases were slighter.【Conclusion】In some areas in Southern Xinjiang,4 fruit diseases are serious in the production of Chinese jujube now.

关 键 词：枣 病害调查 病原 

分 类 号：S436.64[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]