牵引式林果振动采收机的设计与田间试验  

Design of Traction Type Fruit Harvest Machine and Its Experimental Research in Fields

作　　者：乔园园[1] 牛长河[1] 孟详金[2] 刘向东[1] 杨会民[1] 孙小丽[1] 汤智辉[2] 王学农[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2015年第3期528-534,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划"新疆特色林果精深加工关键技术及装备研究与示范"(2011BAD27B02);新疆农业科学院青年基金项目(xjnkq-2013015);国家自然科学基金"新疆杏振动脱落动力学特性及振动采收机理研究"(51465059);自治区科技基础条件平台建设项目"新疆特色林果收获技术与装备试验研究平台建设"(PT1301)

摘　　要：【目的】研制一种适用于不同林果的收获作业的牵引式林果振动采收机,如：杏、核桃、巴旦木等。保证林果及时收获性和果品品质优良,减少劳动力投入,节约收获成本。【方法】整机由振动夹持机构、悬臂调节系统、果实接收系统、果实输送系统、风机及液压与电路控制系统等组成。采用偏心振动方式,偏心块对称放置,偏心质量矩为1.26 kg·m,可产生的最大激振力为14 k N。夹持机构可夹持50-250 mm直径的果树或树枝。【结果】由拖拉机驱动,液压控制系统调节振动夹钳开合、夹持位置、接果帆布的展开和收回,对果树施加激振使果实落果并收集进入接果箱。【结论】田间采收在给定显著性水平0.05条件下,激振时间对果实采净率具有显著性影响,其决定系数R2达0.994 9,激振时间t与采净率Pr的多项式回归模型：Pr=-3.1t2＋26.66t＋39.35,平均采收率：2.6 min/棵,215 kg/h,机具的收获指标满足设计要求。【Objective】It is to ensure good quality and short time,reduce the labor input,save the cost of harvest for fruit.【Method】Developed a traction type fruit harvest vibration machine which can be applicable to different fruit harvest operations,such as： almond,walnut,apricot,etc. The whole machine included： cantilever vibration control system and receiving system,conveyor system,fan,hydraulic circuit and control system,etc. It adopted eccentric vibration method,eccentric block placed symmetrically,eccentric mass moment is 1.26 kg m,can produce the maximum vibration force for 14 k N. Clamping device can clamping 50 - 250 mm diameter of fruit trees or branches.【Result】The whole machine drive by tractor,opening and closing,hydraulic control system and holding position,the spread of fruit receivers,and take back,thus exert vibration on fruit trees make fruit drop and collection.【Conclusion】The machine harvest field experiment was carried out under the condition of a given significance level of 0. 05,the vibration time had a significant influence on the fruitbright net rate,the determination coefficient was R2 of 0. 994 9 with vibration time t and the bright net rate of Prpolynomial regression model： Pr=-3. 1t2＋ 26. 66 t ＋ 39. 35,average recovery efficiency can be achieved：2. 6 minutes / tree,215 kg / h,the test results showed that machine harvest indexes could meet the design requirements.

关 键 词：林果 振动 采收机 核桃 杏 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]