某地区288家企业职业卫生管理现状调查  

Management Status of Occupational Health in 288 Enterprises

作　　者：陈娅[1] 汪彤[1] 刘艳[1] 秦妍[1] 马虹[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市劳动保护科学研究所,北京100054

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2015年第2期111-114,共4页Occupational Health and Damage

基　　金：北京市科学技术研究院财政专项资助项目(PXM2015_178304_000013)

摘　　要：目的了解企业职业卫生管理情况,以进一步做好职业卫生监管工作。方法采用问卷调查的方式采集企业基本信息、职业卫生管理机构、制度建立、前期预防、现场管理、个人防护、健康监护等信息,并进行统计分析。结果该地区存在职业病危害的企业以小型企业为主,占总数的92.4%,企业多为汽车、摩托车修理业、专用设备制造业、电气机械和器材制造业,其比例为14.2%、10.1%和8.7%。皮革、羽毛及其制品和制鞋业一线劳动者最多,占总数的19.9%。企业职业卫生管理指标符合率在3.3%-47.6%之间,以建设项目职业病危害预评价、控制效果评价指标符合率最低,仅3.3%。大、中型企业指标符合率差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2.663,P=0.103）,小型企业指标符合率远低于大型和中型企业,差异均具有统计学意义（分别为χ^2=19.47,P〈0.01和χ^2=18.322,P〈0.01）。结论该地区小型企业数量多,职业卫生管理水平低,应探索改善方法和途径。同时,该地区大、中、小型企业的建设项目职业病危害预评价和控制效果评价符合率均很低,提示监管部门应加强职业卫生＂三同时＂工作。Objective To investigate the health management status in the enterprises and to improve the health supervision. Methods With questionnaire survey,the enterprises＇ basic information,management institution,system establishment,early stage prevention,field management,individual protection and health surveillance were collected and statistically analyzed. Results The enterprises with occupation hazards were mainly small ones,accounting for 92. 4% of the total,and mainly were repair industry of automobile and motorcycle（ 14. 2%）,specialized equipment manufacturing（ 10. 1%） and electrical machinery（ 8. 7%）. The first workers in leather,feather and its product,and shoemaking industry took the greatest portion（ 19. 9%）. The qualified rate of occupational health management ranged from 3. 3% to47. 6%,with the lowest rate in pre- assessment of occupational hazard and control effect assessment（ 3. 3%）. The difference in large and middle enterprises showed no statistical difference（ χ^2= 2. 663,P = 0. 103）; while the qualified rate in small ones was lower than that in middle and large ones（ respectively χ^2= 19. 47,P 〈0. 01; χ^2= 18. 322,P〈 0. 01）. Conclusion The small enterprises are numerous in this area and with low health management level,which need improvement in the approaches. Meanwhile,the qualified rate of pre- assessment in occupational disease hazards and control effect in the middle and large enterprises are relatively low,indicating that the ＂Three Simultaneities＂need to be strengthened.

关 键 词：职业卫生管理 现状 调查 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]