施用产沼废弃物和堆肥对蕹菜生长的影响  被引量:5

Influence of biogas residues from biogas generation and composts on Ipomoea aquatica Forsk growth

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作  者:杨森[1,2] 李裕荣[2] 彭志良[2] 孙长青[2] 童倩倩[2] 岳延滨[2] 葛皓[1] 

机构地区:[1]贵州师范大学生命科学学院,贵阳550001 [2]贵州省农业科技信息研究所,贵阳550006

出  处:《南方农业学报》2015年第3期391-396,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基  金:贵州省国际科技合作计划项目(黔科合外G字[2012]7028);贵州省科技厅农业攻关项目(黔科合NY[2013]3076);贵州省科技厅创新能力建设项目(黔科合院所创能[2011]4001);贵阳市科技局社会发展科技基金项目(筑科合同2011103)

摘  要:【目的】比较施用不同畜禽粪便产沼废弃物和堆肥对蕹菜(Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)生长和产量的影响,为产沼废弃物和堆肥在绿色蔬菜上的应用提供科学依据。【方法】以蕹菜为材料,基于342 kg/ha的施氮水平,分别以猪粪、鸡粪的不同畜禽粪便的沼液、沼渣和堆肥及牛粪的沼渣和堆肥施于蕹菜,设8个处理,以不施肥作对照,测定各处理蕹菜的产量、株高、鲜重、干重、上市时间、生长期、养分含量及土壤的养分含量,以分析其对蕹菜生长的影响。【结果】各处理中,以鸡粪沼液和猪粪沼液处理的蕹菜产量、株高、鲜重和干重都最高,其次是鸡粪沼渣、鸡粪堆肥、猪粪沼渣和猪粪堆肥处理,牛粪沼渣和牛粪堆肥处理最低。猪粪和鸡粪沼液处理的蕹菜生长期缩短为10-20 d,猪、鸡粪沼渣和堆肥处理为20-30 d,而牛粪处理的蕹菜生长期没有缩短,为30-40 d。蕹菜的养分吸收方面,猪粪和鸡粪沼液处理氮的吸收最高,猪粪沼渣处理磷吸收最高,猪粪沼液和鸡粪沼液处理的磷吸收最低,鸡粪沼液处理钾吸收最高。蕹菜收获后鸡粪堆肥处理土壤氮含量最高,沼液中磷含量低。【结论】鸡粪和猪粪沼液适于短期有机蕹菜种植,其次是猪粪、鸡粪的沼渣和堆肥。建议沼液、沼渣和堆肥配合施用,单施沼液则需补充磷源。[Objective]The effects of biogas residues and composts of different animal manures on Ipomoea aquatica Forsk growth and yield were studied to provide scientific evidence for the application of biogas manures and composts on vegetable. 【Method 】Biogas liquid residues,solid sludge,and composts from pig,chicken,and cow manure,respectively were applied as organic fertilizers based on 342 kg per hectare of N on Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. And no fertilizer application was the control. Yield,stem height,fresh weight,dry weight,time to sell,growing period,nutrient content of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk and soil nutrient content of every treatment were determined to study the effect of biogas residues and composts on Ipomoea aquatica Forsk growth. 【 Result 】 In each treatment, yield, stem height, fresh weight and dry weight of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk in chicken BLR and pig BLR were the highest. Those indicators in chicken BSR,chicken compost,pig BSR,and pig compost followed. And those indicators in cow BSR and cow compost were the lowest. Growing period of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk in chicken BLR and pig BLR was shortened to 10-20 days. Growing period of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk in chicken BSR, chicken compost,pig BSR,and pig compost followed and was shortened to 20-30 days. Growing period of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk in cow BSR and cow compost was not shortened, and it was 30-40 days. Nutrient uptake of Ipomoea aquatica Forsk showed that N uptake in pig and chicken BLR was the highest. P uptake in pig BSR was the highest and it was the lowest in pig BLR and chicken BLR. K uptake was the highest in chicken BLR. After harvest, N in soil of chicken compost was the highest. P in soil of BLR was also the lowest. 【Conclusion】Suitable amount of pig and chicken BLRs application is suitable for Ipomoea aquatica Forsk planting. Pig and chicken BSRs and composts are next appropriate. It is suggested that BSR,BLRs,and compost should be used in combination. If BLR is applied alone,other P sources are needed to be added to the soil.

关 键 词:沼液 沼渣 堆肥 蕹菜 

分 类 号:S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]

 

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