人工雌核发育红草金鱼体色的定向发育研究  

Directional development of artificial gynogenetic red goldfish body color

作　　者：程云生[1] 侯冠军[1] 杨坤[1] 陈静[1] 高雷 何吉祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,合肥230031 [2]马鞍山中江水产科技有限公司,安徽马鞍山243000

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2015年第3期518-522,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(14A0521);安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队建设项目(13C0506)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨人工雌核发育红草金鱼F1代的体色发育方向及其与母本的差异性,为观赏鱼类优质体色的定向培育奠定基础。【方法】采集兴国红鲤和黄锦鲤的精子,经紫外光照射失活后,分别刺激红草金鱼成熟卵细胞,受精卵经冷冻休克、染色体加倍处理后进行人工孵化,即获得雌核发育的二倍体,并以兴国红鲤(♂)、黄锦鲤(♂)与红草金鱼(♀)杂交的二倍体为对照,分别计算其孵化时长和孵化率,统计F1代体色和体形的表型及比例。【结果】以兴国红鲤和黄锦鲤的失活精子诱导红草金鱼雌核发育产生F1代个体,其孵化率分别为8.1%和1.7%,孵化时长分别为92和97 h;且均以红色个体(含桔红色和淡红色)为主,分别占98.6%和99.3%,夹杂有少量青灰色和黄灰色个体。雌核发育F1代红色个体均显母本形态,呈鲫鱼型;青灰色和黄灰色个体则略带父本形态,形体介于鲫鲤之间。根据生长发育过程中鱼体体色发生生理的转变进程,可将红草金鱼雌核发育F1代鱼苗的体色转变进程划分成5个阶段。【结论】异源失活精子诱导红草金鱼雌核发育的F1代个体可定向发育成母本体色,因此应用人工雌核发育技术结合体色选育技术,可定向培育高档观赏鱼类的优质花色。[Objective]In order to lay the foundation for the high-quality body color directional breed of ornamental fish, the body color development and its differences of artificial gynogenetic goldfish F1 compared with the female parent were explored. 【Method】The sperm collected from Cyprinus carpio var. singguoensis and yellow koi carp was deactivated by Uv irradiation and then used to stimulate the mature eggs of red goldfish respectively, and the gynogenetic diploid goldfish can be obtained after the artificial incubation of the fertilized egg, which dealt with the freezing shock and chromosome doubling. The incubation time and rate, the phenotype and proportion of body color and body shape of F1 were calculated and compared with the control of hybrid diploids [Cyprinus carpio var. singguoensis（ ♂） ×red goldfish（ ♀）,yellow koi carp（♂）×red goldfish（♀）]. 【Result】The results showed that the incubation time and rate of F1 of Cyprinus carpio var. singguoensis（ ♂） ×red goldfish（ ♀）, yellow koi carp（ ♂） ×red goldfish（ ♀） were respective of 92 h, 8.1%and 97 h, 1.7%. The body color was mainly red including 98.6% orange and 99.3% pink as well as some grey or yellow-grey. The F1 of red individuals showed the female parent namely crucian carp form, but the latter showed the form of male parent between crucian carp and common carp. The body color transformation period of F1 of gynogenesis goldfish fingerling was divided into five. 【Conclusion 】The body color of gynogenetic F1 individual of goldfish can develop into that of their female parent. The high quality body color of ornamental fish can be directionally bred by method of the artificial gynogenesis combining body color breeding technology.

关 键 词：红草金鱼 雌核发育 锦鲤 体色 体形 定向培育 

分 类 号：S965.8[农业科学—水产养殖]