新生儿轮状病毒感染筛查及影响因素分析  

Screening newborns for rotavirus infection and analyzing factors influencing that infection

作　　者：郑灵玲 李倩倩[2] 杨学磊[3] 

机构地区：[1]新疆医科大学研究生院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院儿科 [3]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院临床医学研究中心

出　　处：《中国病原生物学杂志》2015年第2期109-112,共4页Journal of Pathogen Biology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30760232);益普生腹泻研究基金项目(No.IDF-2007-12)

摘　　要：目的探讨新生儿感染轮状病毒（rotavirus,RV）的流行病学情况、临床特征及影响因素,为有效防治新生儿RV感染提供依据。方法采集2011年1月-12月在新疆自治区人民医院新生儿科住院的996例新生儿粪便标本,用胶体金法和酶免法（ELISA）筛查RV,并收集其一般情况和临床资料,应用SPSS17.0对影响其感染RV的因素进行分析。结果 996例患儿中粪便检出RV 94例（9.44%）,其中院内感染69例（73.4%）。94例阳性者中24例发生腹泻,11例有喂养困难或呕吐、发热症状,59例为无症状携带者。单因素分析显示不同性别、不同方式分娩的新生儿RV阳性率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,不同民族（χ^2=6.404,P〈0.05）、胎龄（χ^2=14.309,P〈0.01）、出生时体重（χ^2=7.074,P〈0.05）、出生后天数（χ^2=9.576,P〈0.01）、喂养方式（χ^2=12.517,P〈0.01）的新生儿RV阳性率不同。多因素分析显示,早产儿感染率低于足月儿（OR=0.458,95%CI：0.261-0.803,P〈0.01）;出生后8-21d的新生儿RV阳性率高于7d以内者（OR=2.179,95%CI：1.213-3.912,P〈0.01）;人工喂养的新生儿RV阳性率高于母乳喂养儿（OR=2.309,95%CI：1.339-3.983,P〈0.01）。结论 RV是乌鲁木齐地区新生儿腹泻及院内胃肠道感染的主要病毒病原。足月、出生后2-3周及人工喂养是新生儿易感RV的重要影响因素。制定合理的防控策略,有效预防新生儿RV感染意义重大。Objectives To investigate the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of rotavirus infecting neonates and factors influencing that infection in order to provide data for effective prevention and treatment of infection. MethodsStool samples were collected from 996 neonates in the neonatal unit of the People＇s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January to December 2011.Colloidal gold particles and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）were used to test samples for rotavirus.Clinical and general data on neonates were collected and the statistical software SPSS17.0was used to analyze the factors influencing rotavirus infection. Results Rotavirus was detected in9.44% of samples from 996 neonates.Of the neonates infected with rotavirus,73.40%（69/94）were infected while in hospital.Twenty-four neonates had diarrhea after infection with RV,11 had difficulty eating or vomiting and fever,and59 were asymptomatic carriers.Univariate analysis of factors associated with neonatal rotavirus infection indicated that the incidence of rotavirus infection did not differ significantly by gender or by the method of delivery（P〈0.05 for both）.There were significant differences in the incidence of rotavirus infection in terms of ethnicity（χ^2=6.404,P〈0.05）,gestational age（χ^2=14.309,P〈0.01）,birth weight（χ^2=7.074,P〈0.05）,age（χ^2=9.576,P〈0.01）,and method of feeding（χ^2=12.517,P〈0.01）.Han newborns had a higher rate of rotavirus infection than Uygurs（χ^2=5.903,P〈0.05）.Full-term newborns had a significantly higher rate of rotavirus infection than premature newborns（χ^2=13.408,P〈0.01）.Newborns with a normal birth weight had a significantly higher rate of rotavirus infection than newborns with a low birth weight（χ^2=7.037,P〈0.01）.Newborns had a significantly higher rate of rotavirus infection 8-21 days after birth than they did in the first 7days after birth（χ2=8.992,P〈0.01）.Newborns given formula had a significantly higher rate of rotavirus infe

关 键 词：轮状病毒 新生儿 腹泻 影响因素 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学]