青年冠心病患者患病原因分析与护理  

Risk factors analysis and nursing strategies of coronary heart disease among young people

作　　者：杨瑞冬[1] 冯亚宇[1] 张赤铭[1] 于亚群[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军总医院心血管外科,北京100853

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2015年第9期1040-1043,共4页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

摘　　要：目的：探讨青年人患冠心病的原因,为早期冠心病的防治提供参考。方法选择2009年5月—2012年5月行冠脉搭桥手术的患者437例,其中青年组（年龄〈45岁）患者51例,老年组（年龄≥65岁）患者386例。比较两组患者的家族史、血脂、血压、心功能、术后感染、肝肾功能、术后并发症等指标并进行分析。结果青年组中阳性家族史、吸烟、肥胖、血脂紊乱、心功能、心绞痛分级、术后血糖、并发症等与老年组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）；青年组中急性心肌梗死占33.3%,陈旧性心肌梗死占7.8%,老年组分别占18.1%,20.7%,差异有统计学意义（χ2值分别为2.15,2.16；P〈0.05）。结论青年冠心病危险因素主要为男性、有家族史、吸烟、体重超重、高血压,术后比老年患者恢复更快；早期行手术治疗,对防止冠心病的发生及延缓病情进展有利。Objective To explore the risk factors of young patients with coronary heart disease （ CHD） , and the differences between the young patients and the elderly patients to provide a reference for the prevention of early CHD. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 437 cases of patients who came our hospital and had coronary artery bypass surgery from May 2009 to May 2012. The age of young people was less than 45 years wold patients （51 cases）, and elderly patients （age greater than or equal to 65 years of age） were 386 cases. We compared and analyzed the indicators of the family history, lipid profile, blood glucose, blood pressure, heart function, postoperative infections, liver and kidney function, postoperative complications, between two groups of patients. Results Compared with the older patients, there were differences on the positive family history, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiac function, angina classification, blood sugar, complications in young group （P〈0. 05）. Acute myocardial infarction was 33. 3% in young people, but it was 18. 1% in elderly patients （χ2 =2. 15,P〈0. 05）, old myocardial infarction was 7. 8% in young people, but it was 20. 7% in elderly patients （χ2 =2. 16,P〈0. 05）. Conclusions The major risk factors for CHD of young men are family history, smoking, being overweight, low HDL, high blood pressure, and the young patients would recovery faster than older patients after surgery. Early surgical treatment could prevent the occurrence of CHD and delay the progress.

关 键 词：冠心病 危险因素 青年 护理 

分 类 号：R473.5[医药卫生—护理学]