福建省2011-2013年水痘流行特征及免疫关联性研究  

Epidemiological characteristics and vaccination of varicella in Fujian in 2011-2013

作　　者：叶雯婧[1] 章灿明[1] 陈彩粼[1] 黄峥强[1] 张莹珍[1] 欧剑鸣[1] 洪荣涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]福建省疾病预防控制中心福建省人兽共患病研究重点实验室,福建福州350001

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2015年第4期287-291,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析2011—2013年福建省水痘的流行特征及免疫相关性。方法借助网络直报系统数据库，分析福建省水痘的流行特征及免疫关联性。结果2011—2013年报告水痘发病25322例，死亡2例，平均发病率为22．76／10万，死亡率为0．053／10万，病死率为0．08‰；宁德地区的发病率最高（47．32／10万）（F=62．45，P〈0．05）；每年有两个发病高峰，分别为5～6月和11～次年1月，且后一个高峰较高；年龄小于15岁儿童是主要发病人群，职业以学生为主，存在发病年龄后移的现象。报告聚集性疫情48起，平均罹患率为22．6‰，发生场所以小学为主，厦门的威胁严重性最高，其次为宁德和龙岩（F=6．10，P〈0．05），事件持续时间长，为30．5d（22-44．75d）。全省共报告水痘疫苗接种1383404剂次，平均水痘疫苗接种标化比为1．075，疫苗覆盖率为1．22％，宁德接种剂次、水痘疫苗接种标化比和疫苗覆盖率均最低（X^2=39518，P〈0．01），福建省水痘疫苗接种比与报告发病率呈负相关关系（R^2=0．324，P〈0．05）。结论福建省水痘疫情所引起的公共卫生问题不容忽视，且免疫水平低，提倡加强水痘疫情的监测及两针剂的疫苗覆盖水平。Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and to discuss the status of vaccination in Fujian. Methods A descriptive epidemiologieal analysis was used on the surveillance data of varicella in the internet-based surveillance reporting system. Results Totally 25 322 varicella cases were reported including 2 deaths with average incidence, mortality rate and fatality rate of 22.76, 0. 053 per 100 000 population and 0.08 per 1 000. The incidence was the highest in Ningde （47.32 per 100 000） （F= 62.45, P d0.05）. May to June and November to January were the two peak seasons of the disease with the later more obvious. Majority of patients were children under 15 and students. Forty-eight clustering events of varicella were reported with the average incidence of 22.6‰, and majority occurred in elementary schools. Xiamen was the most seriously attacked, followed by Ningde and Longyan （F= 6.10, P〈0.05）. The average duration of the clustering event was 30. 5 days. A total of 1 383 404 doses of varicella vaccine were recorded statewide, with the vaccination standardized ratio of 1. 075 and vaccine coverage rate of 1.22%, which were all the lowest in N ingde （X2= 39 518, P〈0.01）. There was a negative correlation between varicella vaccination ratio and in- cidence （R2=0. 324, P〈0.05）. Conclusions The public health problem caused by varicella in Fujian was still big mainly because of low immunity level. Epidemic monitoring for varicella needs to be strengthened and the coverage rate of two doses of vaccine should be advocated.

关 键 词：水痘 流行特征 水痘疫苗 

分 类 号：R511.5[医药卫生—内科学]