并不“一切如常”:抗战时期丹麦和瑞典对华外交政策的比较研究  

Not "Business as Usual:" The China Policies of Denmark and Sweden 1937-1945:A Comparison

作　　者：何铭生 李珊[2] 

机构地区：[1]法新社北欧分社 [2]中国社会科学院近代史研究所

出　　处：《抗日战争研究》2015年第1期82-93,160,共12页Studies of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression

摘　　要：抗日战争爆发之初,尽管与大多数国家驻华使节一样,丹麦和瑞典的驻华使节并未随国民政府内迁,但丹、瑞两国在对华关系上均希望维持原状,如常进行外交工作。然而,丹麦于1940年被德国占领,使其在日德意的压力下被迫与重庆国民政府断交,转而承认汪伪政权。在重庆政府的积极争取下,前丹麦驻美大使高福曼被委派为"自由丹麦"运动驻重庆的代表,于是从1942年至1945年夏,中国出现了两个丹麦驻华使节。瑞典在战时一直保持独立,所以尽管日本屡次要求瑞典承认汪伪政府并与之进行废除治外法权的谈判,但其并未就范,而是在原驻华公使滞留沦陷区的情况下另派大使到重庆国民政府,以致该国也同时有两位高级驻华外交官。In the early period of the Anti-Japanese War,although the envoys of Denmark and Sweden in China,as almost all other foreign diplomats,did not move to the interior of China with the Nationalist government together,the two countries expected to maintain the status quo for their relations with China,and carried on 'business as usual'.However,Denmark was occupied by Germany in 1940.Under the pressure of the Axis powers,Denmark was forced to sever its diplomatic relations with the Nationalist government in Chongqing and turned to recognize the Wang Jingwei puppet regime.With the endeavors of the Chongqing government,former Danish ambassador to Washington Henrik Kauffmann was appointed to be representative of 'Free Denmark' in Chongqing.Therefore,from 1942 to summer of 1945,there were two Danish envoys in China.Sweden had always kept independence during the War.Though Japan frequendy asked Sweden to recognize the Wang Jingwei puppet regime and negotiated with it about the abolition of extraterritoriality,Sweden did not comply.On the contrary,Sweden sent a new ambassador to the Nationalist government in Chongqing while letting the former envoy remain in Japan-occupied area,so that Sweden had two senior diplomats at the same time in China.These two starkly different historical processes indicate that external pressure from the Axis powers such as Germany and Japan played key roles for recognition of the Chongqing government or the Wang Jingwei puppet government.

关 键 词：瑞典 丹麦 汪伪 重庆 

分 类 号：K265[历史地理—历史学]