铅蓄电池生产企业职业危害通风防护措施研究  

Study of ventilated protective measures against occupational hazards in the lead- acid battery enterprise

作　　者：石远[1] 陈献文[1] 郭艳秋 周倩倩 王欢[4] 谢景欣[4] 

机构地区：[1]江阴市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与职业病防治所,江苏江阴214400 [2]南京市安全生产监督管理局 [3]苏州市高新区狮山街道社区卫生服务中心 [4]江苏省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2015年第2期118-123,129,共7页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

摘　　要：目的掌握铅蓄电池生产企业职业病危害现状，提高防护水平，减轻职业病危害。方法通过现场调查，了解生产工艺、工人接触危害因素方式、通风防护设施状况及其整改前后工作场所铅烟（尘）浓度、局部排风罩控制风速等关键因素，研究通风防护措施的科学性与有效性。结果生产工艺以手工机械和半自动化操作为主；采取整改措施，采用密闭罩、外部排风罩周边加设围挡、提高控制风速至1．0～1．7m／s等措施，铅尘（烟）浓度点合格率由整改前43．7％提高到83．3％。结论原通风防护设施存在结构性缺陷，维护保养不善。改进生产工艺，科学设计局部排风装置，缩小铅尘（烟）的逸散范围、合理确定／修正控制风速是有效控制铅烟（尘）危害的关键措施。Objective To master the status of occupational hazards in the lead acid storage cell enterprise, improve the level of protection and reduce the occupational risks. Methods Based on the field investigation, the key factors were explored including the production process, workers＇ exposure pathways to risk factors, the status of ventilated protective fa- cilities , the lead concentration of smoke （dust） in workplace before and after the rectification and the capture velocity of local exhaust hood in order to study the science and effectiveness of ventilated protective facilities. Results The mechanic handwork and semi -automatic operation was the main ways in the production process. Rectification measures were taken including enclosed hood, external exhaust hood with fence, capture velocity up to 1.0 - 1.7 m/s, so the qualified rate of the lead concentration of smoke （dust） at workplace points increased from 43.7% to 83.3%. Conclusion The original ventilation protection facilities have the structural defects and poor maintenance. The effective control measures are impro- ving the production process, scientifically design local exhaust device, reduce the scope of dissipation of the lead smoke （dust）, and rationally confirm or amend capture velocity.

关 键 词：铅 蓄电池企业 通风 防护措施 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]