不同模式下春玉米物质生产与群体光合性能研究  

Study on Dry Matter Production and Population Photosynthetic Characteristics of High-yield Spring Maize Under Different Modes

作　　者：梁志英[1,2] 杨治平[2] 王永亮[2] 郭军玲[2] 郭彩霞[2] 王琦[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学生物工程学院,太原030006 [2]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030006

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第12期67-71,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费资助"主要农作物最佳养分管理技术研究与应用"(201103003);国家星火计划项目"内陆盐碱地改良与作物高产高效技术示范推广"(2012GA630001);太原市明星项目"玉米高产高效养分优化管理技术研究与应用"(12024710)

摘　　要：为构建高产春玉米良好的群体结构,提高春玉米光能利用率,充分发挥春玉米的增产潜力,在大田试验条件下,从玉米品种、密度和肥料管理方面研究了3种模式(农户模式、优化模式、高产模式)对春玉米物质生产与群体光合生理指标的影响。结果表明:优化模式和高产模式较农户模式分别增产10.79%、27.62%,秃尖长度显著减少。3种模式的叶面积指数(LAI),群体光合势(LAD),干物质累积(DMA)以及生长率(CGR)规律依次为高产模式>优化模式>传统模式。由此证明,优化品种、合理增密以及加强养分资源管理是春玉米获得高产的关键措施。To construct better population structure of the high- yield spring maize, optimize populationphysiological function and give full play to the potential yield of maize varieties, we studied dry matterproduction and population photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize under different modes（traditionalmodel, optimal model, higher yield model） from the aspects of the corn varieties, density and fertilizermanagement. The results showed that maize yield increased 10.79% of optimal model and higher yield modelincreased 27.62% in comparison with farmers practice. Further, these two models both remarkably reduced thelength of maize bald tip. The leaf area index（LAI）, leaf area duration（LAD）, dry matter accumulation（DMA）and crop growth rate（CGR） were the important indicators of population photosynthetic characteristics. Statisticanalysis showed these indictors of three models appeared in a same ascending order as higher yield model 〉optimal model 〉traditional model. We concluded that optimize variety, increase density reasonably andstrengthen fertilizer management were the key measures to keep higher yield of spring maize.

关 键 词：春玉米 高产高效 光合性能 产量 密度 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]