水氮组合模式对双季稻生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Water and Nitrogenous Fertilizer Coupling Modes on Double Season Rice Growth and Yield

作　　者：傅志强[1] 刘依依[1] 谢天洋 钟娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第12期84-91,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目"长江中游南部(湖南)双季稻持续丰产高效技术集成创新与示范"(2011BAD16B01);"双季稻抗逆均衡增产技术研究与示范"(2012BAD04B10);"长江中游南部(湖南)水稻丰产节水节肥技术集成与示范"(2013BAD07B11)

摘　　要：为双季稻栽培提供最优水肥组合模式,通过大田小区试验设置了淹水灌溉和间歇灌溉2种灌溉方式,结合4种施氮水平,研究了不同水肥条件下水稻生长及其产量差异。结果表明,在相同施氮水平下,间歇灌溉水稻植株干物质积累量明显大于淹水灌溉;不同水肥组合下水稻干物质在植株各器官中的分配表现从大到小为籽粒、茎、叶和根;水稻生育后期叶面积指数以间歇灌溉施中氮最高,茎基伤流量以施中氮最高,相同施氮条件下间歇灌溉高于淹水灌溉;早稻光合速率差异不显著,相同施氮水平下间歇灌溉略高于淹水灌溉,水分利用率存在显著差异,以间歇灌溉施中氮最高;晚稻不同处理的光合速率、水分利用率存在显著差异,相同施氮水平下间歇灌溉高于淹水灌溉,以间歇灌溉施中氮最高;早稻产量以淹水灌溉施高氮最高,比间歇灌溉不施氮高出46.0%,差异显著,但比其他施氮处理增幅仅为0.3%-7.1%,差异不显著;晚稻产量处理间差异显著,间歇灌溉高于淹水灌溉,以间歇灌溉施中氮最高,比间歇灌溉不施氮高出49.3%,比其他施氮处理增幅为1.7%-8.6%,差异显著。因此,早稻在雨水充足的前提下淹水灌溉施高氮可获得高产,晚稻以间歇灌溉施中氮为宜。To provide the optimal water and fertilizer coupling model for the double-season rice cultivation,the experiment was designed as waterlogged and intermittent irrigation with 4 fertilization levels, and ricegrowth and yield under different water and fertilizer coupling models were researched. The results showed that,the amount of rice dry matter of intermittent irrigation was higher than that of waterlogged irrigation by thesame fertilization level. The rice dry matter in different plant organs were ranked from high to low as grain,stem, level and root. The level area index（LAI） of intermittent irrigation and medium nitrogenous fertilizer wasthe highest at rice late stages and the stem bleeding rate of medium nitrogenous fertilizer was the highest, andwith the same fertilization level, intermittent irrigation was higher than that of waterlogged irrigation.Photosynthesis difference among treatments of early rice was not significant, and at the same fertilization level,intermittent irrigation was slightly higher than that of waterlogged irrigation, and the differences of water useefficiency（WUE） among treatments was significant, intermittent irrigation and medium nitrogenous fertilizerwas high. For the late rice, the differences of WUE and photosynthesis among treatments were significant. Atthe same fertilization level, intermittent irrigation was slightly higher than waterlogged irrigation, and intermit-tent irrigation and medium nitrogenous fertilizer was the highest. The early rice yield differences amongtreatments were not significant and the yield of waterlogged irrigation with high nitrogenous fertilizer was46.0% higher than that of intermittent irrigation with no nitrogen, and 0.3%- 7.1% higher than othertreatments. The late rice yield differences among treatments were significant and the yield of intermittentirrigation with medium nitrogenous fertilizer was 49.3% higher than that of intermittent irrigation with nonitrogen, and 1.7%-8.6% higher than other treatments. Therefore, waterlogged irrigation

关 键 词：水稻 灌水 氮肥 光合速率 产量 

分 类 号：S3[农业科学—农艺学]