安徽省沿淮大豆种植区氮磷流失特征研究  

Characteristics of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff-losses in Bean-planted Region Along the Huaihe River of Anhui Province

作　　者：路青[1] 马友华[1] 胡善宝[1] 张维维[1] 吴靓[1] 付碧玉 斯黔东 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,合肥230036 [2]淮南市农业技术推广中心,安徽淮南232000

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第12期230-235,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划"南方平原稻作农区农业面源污染防控技术集成与示范"(2012BAD15B03)

摘　　要：为了探明沿淮地区大豆农民常规施肥种植过程中的氮磷流失情况,采用径流池法,通过2008—2012年野外径流小区试验,研究沿淮大豆种植区大豆生长季氮磷流失特征。5年监测结果表明：大豆种植季处于沿淮地区全年降雨旺盛时期,降雨量占全年降雨量的45.4%-73.27%;大豆生产季农田产流量表现为不施肥空白处理〉常规处理,不施肥空白处理大豆生长季径流量和产流系数分别为173.293-34.639 mm和8.27%-33.68%,常规施肥处理大豆生长季径流量和产流系数分别为175.366-30.347 mm和5.72%-34.08%;大豆种植生长季常规施肥处理总氮流失量为1.58-14.93 kg/hm^2,总氮流失率为0.44%-5.66%,硝态氮流失比例为总氮的40.63%-64.59%,铵态氮流失比例为3.66%-18.16%;大豆种植生长季常规施肥处理总磷流失量为0.033-0.56 kg/hm^2,常规施肥处理总磷流失率为0.17%-0.27%,可溶性磷流失比例为总磷的31.08%-53.31%。In order to make clear about the Nitrogen and Phosphorus runoff-losses in bean-planted that beanis planted by the normal farmers and used the normal fertilizer, a field trail was carried out to investigatecharacteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff-losses in bean-planted region along the Huaihe River ofAnhui Province during the bean growing season using surface runoff ponds from 2008 to 2012. The results offive years experiments showed： the season of bean growing was in an abundant rainfall period of every year,about 45.4%-73.27% of volume rainfall of whole year. The results of the volume of surface runoff showed CK 〉CF during the bean growing season, the volume and rate of rainfall of CK were 173.293- 34.639 mm and8.27%-33.68%, the statistics of CF were 175.366-30.347 mm and 5.72%-34.08%. The concentration of totalnitrogen and TN runoff rate of N-fertilizer of CF during the bean growing were 1.58-14.93 kg/hm^2 and 0.44%-5.66%, NO3^-/TN of surface runoff was 40.63%-64.59%, NH4^＋/TN of surface runoff was 3.66%-18.16%. Theconcentration of total phosphorus and TP runoff rate of P-fertilizer of CF during the bean growing were 0.033-0.56 kg/hm^2 and 0.17%-0.27%, DTP/TP of surface runoff was 31.08%-53.31%.

关 键 词：大豆种植 径流 氮流失 磷流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]