重金属污染土壤中Cd、Cr、Pb元素向水稻的迁移累积研究  

Distribution and Transportation of Cd, Cr, Pb in Rice with Contamination in Soil

作　　者：陈慧茹[1,2] 董亚玲[2] 王琦[2] 刘斌美[2] 吴跃进[2] 王钰[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230601 [2]中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第12期236-241,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)"水稻籽粒性状品质矿物元素重金属无损快速检测"(XDA08040107);科学研究院院长基金"双脉冲激光诱导击穿光谱高效检测稻谷重金属方法研究"(YZJJ201321)

摘　　要：为了探明水稻各组织器官的重金属含量对土壤重金属浓度的依赖性,评价重金属中重度污染土壤植株水稻的安全风险,通过对不同浓度的Cd、Cr、Pb 3种重金属水稻盆栽试验,研究中、重度污染土壤培养条件下重金属在水稻植株中分布以及籽粒中迁移累积特性。研究结果显示,随着土壤重金属含量增加,水稻植株富集重金属呈上升趋势,但是土壤重金属浓度增加,水稻对重金属的富集系数下降。在中、重度污染的Cd、Cr、Pb 3种重金属土壤种植的水稻植物高度和生物学产量并没有显著差异,从植株生长上看重金属污染危害有一定的隐蔽性。3种重金属在水稻植株中迁移能力的大小依次为:Cd>Cr>Pb,在水稻植株不同器官重金属富集能力依次为根系>茎秆>叶>籽粒。水稻糙米的糊粉层重金属含量显著高于胚乳中的重金属含量,水稻糙米在加工成精米后Cd含量平均降低19%,Cr含量平均降低56.8%,Pb含量平均下降29.8%,这表明稻米通过加工后重金属污染风险降低,可规避一定的食用风险。In order to ascertain the heavy metal content of organs of rice plants, distribution and accumulationof Cd, Cr, Pb in rice were studied after exogenous soluble heavy metals put in the paddy soil in 2013. Theresults showed that with the increase of heavy metal, heavy metal enrichment of rice plants rose, but at highconcentrations of heavy metal pollution, enrichment factor decreased in rice plants. And there was nosignificant difference between the height of rice plant and dry matter. It was demonstrated that the migration capacity of heavy metals in rice plant in the order was： Cd〉Cr〉Pb, heavy metals in different organs of rice plant showed enrichment capability root〉stem〉leaf〉grain. And the content of heavy metals of aleurone layer in rice grain was significantly greater than that in endosperm. After processing into milled rice, Cd content of brown rice can be reduced by 19%, Cr content can be reduced by 56.8%, Pb content can be reduced by29.8%. Therefore, processing can reduce the risk of heavy metal pollution of rice and avoid certain eating risk.

关 键 词：水稻 重金属 分布 风险评价 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]