美国医院药学教育与实践  

Hospital Pharmacy Education and Practice in the USA

作　　者：Michael F.Powell 张伶俐[2] 全淑燕 曾力楠[2] 王梦雅[3] 林芸竹[2] 

机构地区：[1]美国内布拉斯加医学中心药学院 [2]四川大学华西第二医院药学部,成都610041 [3]四川大学华西药学院,成都610041

出　　处：《中国药房》2015年第13期1729-1735,共7页China Pharmacy

摘　　要：目的:为我国医院药学教育与实践者提供参考。方法:以美国内布拉斯加医学中心为例,从药物与治疗学委员会、医院药房管理、临床药学教育和医院药学人员工作职责四个方面介绍美国医院药学教育与实践。结果:药物与治疗学委员会职责为制订与执行与药品使用、管理相关的政策,监测药品的使用等,其下设有处方集、用药管理两个分会和一支由医学、护理与药学人员组成的专家小组;医院药房管理主要涉及药品配制、医嘱审核、药品调剂和自动化技术四个方面;临床药学教育分为专业药学学位教育和毕业后继续教育两种;医院药学服务团队由药师和药学技术人员组成,药师主要负责查房及患者监护、药物重整、用药咨询与药品管理,药学技术人员主要负责药品采购、配制、运输、养护等传统药学服务工作。结论:美国临床药学实践处于全球领先水平,其医院药学教育与实践的经验值得借鉴与学习。OBJECTIVE： To provide a reference for hospital pharmacy education and practice in China. METHODS： Taking The Nebraska Medical Center as an example, the hospital pharmacy education and practice in the USA were introduced from the following four aspects： Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committee, hospital pharmacy management, clinical pharmacy education, and the responsibilities of the hospital pharmacy staff. RESULTS： The Pharmacy and Therapeutics Committees oversees two subcommit- tees： the Formulary Subcommittee and the Medication Management Subcommittee and a group of expert panels including physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Hospital pharmacy management consist of four aspects： preparation of drugs, medication order review, drug disoensing and automated technology. Pharmacy education in the USA is stratified into the orofessional oharmacv degree and post-graduate education. The hospital pharmacy service team in the USA consists of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians. Pharmacists＇ Work icludes patient care rounds and monitoring, medication reconciliation, drug consulting and drug poli- cy management, as well as pharmacy technicians＇ work includes drug procurement, preparation, transportation, conservation and restocking medications on patient care units, and other distributive pharmacy services. CONCLUSIONS： The clinical practice of pharmacy in the USA provides valuable lessons for the advancement of pharmacy practice throughout the world, the experience and evolution are worthy for us to learn and study.

关 键 词：美国医院药学 药学教育 药学实践 药师 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]