散养条件下野生双峰驼初冬活动时间分配及节律  

Time Budgets and Diurnal Activity Rhythms of Re-Introduced Wild Bactrian Camels in Semi-Free Environment during Early Winter

作　　者：薛亚东[1] 孙志成 吴鹏[1,3] 张于光[1] 李迪强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区管理局,敦煌736299 [3]西南林业大学竹藤研究所,昆明650224

出　　处：《林业科学》2015年第2期169-174,共6页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2011003);国家科技基础性工作专项(2006FY110800;2012FY111700)

摘　　要：【目的】对散养状态下野生双峰驼(下称野骆驼)昼夜行为时间分配及活动节律进行研究,旨在丰富野骆驼行为生态学基础资料,为其进一步保护和管理提供科学依据。【方法】2012年10—12月期间,采用目标动物取样法对在甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区进行试验性放归的4峰野骆驼(2雄2雌)进行昼间行为的观测。将野骆驼的行为分为6类:休息、警戒、运动、采食、反刍和其他行为。【结果】时间分配上雄性采食行为时间比例最高,为28.13%±10.42%,雌性野骆驼由于适应新的环境表现出警戒行为比例最高,为28.22%±10.74%。观察期间雌、雄性野骆驼行为时间分配无显著差异。随月份变化,野骆驼休息、警戒和反刍时间呈下降趋势,运动时间和采食时间呈上升趋势。野骆驼昼间警戒和运动行为存在晨昏活动的高峰,其采食行为有2个高峰时段,出现在当地时间日出之后(9:00—10:00)和日落之前(14:00—16:00),野骆驼的休息高峰出现在中午时分(11:00—13:00)。散养条件下野骆驼行为时间分配和活动节律与大多数有蹄类动物类似。【结论】散养条件下野骆驼行为时间分配和活动节律与大多数有蹄类动物相似,相关数据可为其进一步保护和管理提供参考。The wild Bactrian camel is a critically endangered species, and has high adaptability in extreme arid environments of Central Asia. Most researches about wild camel are limited on the field survey as the species is alert and distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. There are great knowledge gaps concerning the behavior ecology of the wild camels. From October to December in 2012,the behavioral time budget and diurnal activity rhythm of four released wild camels （ two males and two females） in a semi-free environment were observed by the focal animal sampling method in Gansu Dunhuang Wetland National Nature Reserve. The behaviors were divided into six categories,resting,vigilance, moving,foraging,rumination and ‘the others’. The results showed that there was a significant difference in time expenditure on different behaviors by using the Kruskal-Wallis H test （ P 0. 05）. For the males,28. 13% ± 10. 42% of diurnal time was spent on foraging,23. 63% ± 14. 47% on moving, 22. 15% ± 5. 46% on vigilance,18. 84% ± 14. 96% on resting,4. 79% ± 4. 45% on rumination and 2. 46% ± 1. 98%on‘the others’. For the females,due to the new environment,most of the time was spent on vigilance,accounting for 28. 22% ± 10. 74% of diurnal time,24. 47% ± 10. 92% of diurnal time was on foraging,19. 68% ± 4. 06% on resting, 18. 29% ± 7. 14% on moving,5. 48% ± 4. 44% on rumination and 3. 86% ± 2. 26% on‘the others’. As time passed, diurnal time expenditure on resting,vigilance and rumination showed a decreasing trend,on the contrary,time spent on moving and foraging expressed an increasing trend. For the males,the peaks of resting,vigilance and moving,foraging＆nbsp;occurred at 13：00 -14：00,10：00 -11：00 and 17：00 -18：00,11：00 -12：00 and 15：00 -16：00,respectively. For the females,the peaks of resting,vigilance and moving,foraging occurred at 14：00 -15：00,10：00 -11：00 and 17：00-18：00,11：00 -12：00 and 16：00 -17：00,respectively. Among different months,the resting,vigilance a

关 键 词：散养 野生双峰驼 行为时间分配 活动节律 

分 类 号：Q959.848[生物学—动物学]