燃煤电厂大气污染物“近零排放”技术研究及工程应用  

Technology Research and Engineering Applications of Near-Zero Air Pollutant Emission Coal-Fired Power Plants

作　　者：王树民[1] 宋畅[1] 陈寅彪[1] 孙平 

机构地区：[1]中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司,北京100025 [2]神华国华(北京)电力研究院有限公司,北京100025

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第4期487-494,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2013AA065404)

摘　　要：在燃煤电厂实现大气污染物"近零排放"过程中,烟尘控制技术是关键,通过对除尘、脱硫、脱硝等先进环保技术的系统比较,提出了燃煤电厂大气污染物"近零排放"技术路线.在地处长三角的国华舟山电厂4号机组采用高效低氮燃烧+SCR(选择性催化还原法)脱硝+旋转电极除尘+海水脱硫+湿式静电除尘的技术路线,ρ(烟尘)、ρ(SO2)、ρ(NOx)的实际排放值分别为2.46、2.76、19.80 mg/m3;在地处京津冀的国华三河电厂1号机组,采用高效低氮燃烧+SCR脱硝+低温省煤器+静电除尘(高效电源)+湿法脱硫+湿式静电除尘的技术路线,ρ(烟尘)、ρ(SO2)、ρ(NOx)的实际排放值分别为5、9、35 mg/m3.实践表明,立足国情走煤炭清洁高效利用之路,燃煤电厂可以在低成本下实现大气污染物的"近零排放".通过对技术路线优化、低浓度污染物在线测量技术及"近零排放"中存在的一些问题进行分析和探讨,提出了燃煤电厂大气污染物控制技术的研究和发展方向.估算结果表明,如果全国燃煤机组自2015年起采用"近零排放"技术,5 a内烟尘、SO2、NOx年均减排率分别可达19.0%、18.9%、18.5%.Particulate matter control technology is extremely significant in the process of near-zero emission flue gas purification for coal-fired power plants. Advanced technologies for dust-removal, desulfurization and denitrification in power plants were comprehensively analyzed, and a near-zero air pollutant emission technology roadmap was proposed. The roadmap, including high efficiency and low NO burners, full load SCR, rotating electrode electrostatic precipitation, seawater desulphurization and west electrostatic precipitation, were developed and applied in the Shenhua Guohua Zhoushan Power Plant located in the Yangtze River Delta Region. The particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced to less than 2.46, 2. 76 and 19. 80 mg/m^3 respectively from the newly built unit. Similarly, the Shenhua Guohua Sanhe Power Plant located in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region adopted the roadmap of high efficiency and low NOx burners, full load SCR, low temperature economizer, dry electrostatic precipitation, wet FGD and west electrostatic precipitation. The particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced to less than 5, 9 and 35 mg/m^3 respectively in the retrofit unit. Practice has proved that clean coal utilization is extremely effective based on China＇s national conditions. Clean and high-efficiency coal-fired power plants can achieve ＂near-zero emissions＂ of air pollutants with low cost. By analyzing the roadmap optimization, technologies for online measurement of low concentrations of contaminants and existing problems of ＂near zero emissions＂ , an R＆D direction for coal-fired power plant air pollutant emission control technology was proposed. Supposing that near-zero emissions technology was applied in coal-fired power plants all over China in five years starting from 2015, the annual mean reduction rate of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides would reach 19.0% , 18.9% and 18.5% , respectively.

关 键 词：燃煤发电 近零排放 技术路线 湿式静电除尘 在线测量 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]