滇池表层沉积物中氨氮的释放特征  

Study on Release Characteristics of Ammonium in the Surface Sediments of Dianchi Lake

作　　者：邓伟明 徐晓梅 陈春瑜 何佳 刘文斌[2] 李森 

机构地区：[1]昆明市环境科学研究院湖泊水库中心,云南昆明650032 [2]中国环境科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2015年第4期524-531,共8页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102)

摘　　要：为研究滇池内源污染特征,于2013年在滇池全湖布设36个采样点,采集表层沉积物样品,并对沉积物中w（NH4＋-N）的分布及NH4＋-N释放动力学特征进行研究.结果显示：滇池表层沉积物中w（NH4＋-N）为155.8~667.8 mg/kg,平均值为333.7mg/kg,湖心区域最高.0~5 min内NH4＋-N释放速率最大,可达到3.34~42.31 mg/（kg·min）;5 min后NH4＋-N释放速率逐渐降低,并在120 min左右基本达到释放平衡.沉积物中NH4＋-N的释放潜能为17 147~34 163 mg/kg,NH4＋-N释放量随着水土质量比的增加而增大;滇池大部分区域NH4＋-N的释放潜能相对较高,特别是在草海北部以及外海盘龙江河口处.滇池沉积物中NH4＋-N释放速率、释放潜能均高于长江中下游湖泊沉积物;与同为高原湖泊的洱海相比,其沉积物中NH4＋-N释放速率基本相当,但是NH4＋-N释放潜能却远高于洱海,表明滇池表层沉积物中NH4＋-N具有非常高的释放风险.Surface sediment samples were collected in 2013 from 36 sites in Dianchi Lake to study the endogenous pollution. The distribution of NH4^ ＋ -N content in the sediments and the release kinetics status of NH4 ^＋ -N were researched. The results showed that the content of NH4^ ＋ -N in the surface sediments was about 155.8-667.8 mg/kg, with average content of 333.7 mg/kg. The maximum content occurred in the center of the lake. Over the 0-5 minute time period, the release rate of NH4^ ＋ -N was the fastest, being up to 3.34-42.31 mg/（kg, min）. The release rate gradually decreased after 5 minutes and balanced after 120 minutes. The potential release ability of NH4 ^＋-N was about 17,147-34,163 mg/kg, which was related to the ratio between water and soil. In most regions of Dianchi Lake, the potential ability of release of NH4^ ＋ -N was relatively high, especially in the north of Caohai and the Panlong River mouth. Either the release ratio or the potential release ability of NH4^＋ -N in Dianchi Lake was higher than that in the lakes in the middle and lower streams of the Yangtze River. The release ratio in Dianchi Lake was similar to those in Erhai Lake, which is also located on a plateau; however, the potential release ability of NH4^＋ -N in Dianehi Lake was much higher than that in Erhai Lake. Therefore, the release risk of NH4 ^＋ -N in the surface sediments in the Dianchi Lake was extremely high.

关 键 词：滇池流域 沉积物 NH4+-N分布特征 NH4+-N释放动力学 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]