云冷杉林风倒区林隙和掘根微立地微气候变化  

Microclimate Variation of Forest Gaps and Uprooted Microsites in Windthrow Area of Spruce-fir Forest

作　　者：王金铃[1] 段文标[1] 陈立新[1] 王婷[1] 景鑫[1] 魏全帅[1] 杜珊[1,2] 赵莹[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]四川省达州市职业技术学院建工系,四川达州635000

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2015年第2期173-182,共10页Forest Research

基　　金：哈尔滨市科技创新人才研究专项资金项目(RC2012LX002018);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(C2012310);国家自然科学基金项目(31270666);人力资源与社会保障部留学回国人员科技活动择优启动项目(2012-258)

摘　　要：2013年7月,在小兴安岭凉水国家级自然保护区云冷杉林风倒区1.5 hm2的样地内,选取由掘根倒木形成且包含坑和丘微立地的大、中、小3个代表性林隙。在每个林隙中心安装HOBO自动气象站,测定了7—9月林隙中心以及林隙内丘顶和坑底的总辐射、光合有效辐射(PAR)、空气温度和相对湿度,并在郁闭林分和空旷地设置对照。分析了不同大小林隙之间以及林隙内丘顶和坑底之间小气候在生长季的动态变化及其差异。结果表明:林隙总辐射、PAR以及空气温度依照大林隙、中林隙和小林隙的次序依次降低;同一林隙内,丘顶的总辐射、PAR和空气温度大于坑底,丘顶空气相对湿度小于坑底;月均气温和月均PAR均为7月>8月>9月,绝大多数按照空旷地、大林隙、中林隙、小林隙和郁闭林分的次序递减,仅9月份小林隙的气温大于中林隙。同一林隙的平均气温日较差均为7月>9月>8月,相同微立地(林隙中心、丘顶、坑底)气温日较差均为大林隙>中林隙>小林隙。相同月份丘顶的气温日较差均大于坑底。各林隙空气相对湿度均为8月>9月>7月,并按照空旷地、大林隙、中林隙、小林隙和郁闭林分的次序依次递增。7月份大林隙的总辐射、PAR与8、9月份相比均差异显著。9月不同大小林隙之间的总辐射、PAR差异均不显著。7—9月,大林隙和小林隙中心的空气湿度均差异显著。同一林隙相同月份丘顶和坑底的PAR、空气相对湿度差异均显著,空气温度差异不显著;无论是在林隙内还是林隙内的丘顶和坑底,同一林隙不同月份的温度差异均显著。Three representative large, medium, and small forest gaps with pit and mound microsites formed by up- rooted trees were selected within 1.5 hm2 sample plot in windthrow area of spruce-fir forest in Liangshui National Nature Reserve in Xiaoxing＇ anling Mountains. HOBO automatic weather stations were installed in the center of each gap. The total radiation, PAR, air temperature and relative humidity in the gap center, mound top and pit bottom of different gaps were measured between July and September, 2013, and the clearing and closed forest were set up as controls. The differences of microclimate and its dynamics change during the growing season among different gaps, as well as the mound top and pit bottom within the gaps were analyzed. The results showed that the total radiation, PAR and air temperature in the center of each gap were in the order of large gap 〉 medium gap 〉 small gap. In the same gap, the total radiation, PAR and air temperature on the mound top were higher than those in the： pit bottom, but the air relative humidity was lower at the mound top than at the pit bottom. The monthly mean air temperature and PAR ranked in a decreasing order of July, August, and September, and mostly decreased in the order of clear- ing, large, medium, small and closed forest from July to September, but the air temperature of small gap was higher than that in the medium gap in September only. In the same gap, the mean daily range of air temperature ranked in a decreasing order of July, August, and September. On the same microsite （gap center, mound top, pit bottom）, the mean daily range of air temperature was in a decreasing order of large gap, middle gap, and small gap. On the same month, the mean daily range of air temperature was higher on the mound top than that in the pit bottom. The mean relative humidity in all gaps decreased in the order of August, September, and July, increased in the order of clearing, large gap, medium gap, small gap, and the closed stand. The total radiation and PAR of large gap

关 键 词：小兴安岭 云冷杉林 风倒区 微立地 丘顶 坑底 微气候 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]