钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响  

Effects of Potassium Levels on Fruit Characters and Yields of Camellia oleifera

作　　者：胡冬南[1] 牛德奎[2] 张文元[1] 郭晓敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学园林与艺术学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西农业大学国土资源与环境学院,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2015年第2期243-248,共6页Forest Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B14);国家自然科学资金项目(31260194);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目(Jiangxi-29)

摘　　要：为了研究钾素水平对油茶果实性状和产量的影响及它们之间的关系,设置了6个不同钾肥用量处理,以8年生的长林53号和长林27号两个油茶无性系为试材在江西永丰开展了施肥试验,连续两年测定了油茶果径、单果质量、干出籽率、干出仁率、种仁含油率、鲜果含油率、单株结果数、单株果实产量和产油量等指标,比较和分析了不同无性系的不同处理之间的差异。结果表明,两个无性系的果实性状和产量对钾肥水平差异的响应均存在大小年差异;结实大年时,钾肥水平对两个无性系果实的果径、单果质量和干出仁率影响不大,对其他性状的影响均达到显著水平;结实小年时,钾肥水平仅对53号无性系单株结实数量和产量造成影响且无明显梯度规律,而27号无性系随着钾肥水平的提高,其干出籽率和鲜果含油率呈先上升后下降趋势,单株果实数量、产量和产油量则呈下降趋势;无论大年还是小年,单株产量均与结实数量关系最密切,大年的产量在油茶生产中占据主导地位,就大小年平均产量而言,两品系均以中等钾肥水平的K2和K3处理最优。适量增施钾肥可有效改善油茶结实大年果实性状,提高单株结实数量,实现增产增效。In order to study the effects of potassium levels on fruit characters and yields of Camellia ferent potash level treatments were designed and tested in mature Changlin53 and Changlin27 clone oleifera, six dif- strain of C. ole- ifera. Based on these measuring such as fruit diameter, fruit weight, dry seed rate, dry kernel rate, the oil rate of kernel and fruit, fruit number, fruit and oil yield per plant in two consecutive years, the differences of treatments and clone strains were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the responses of fruit characters and yields of the two clone strains to potassium levels were different between ＇on＇ and ＇off＇ year. In ＇on＇ year, in addition to fruit diameter, the fruit weight and dry kernel rate, the effects of potassium levels on fruit characters and yields of two clone strains were significant. In ＇ off＇ year, only fruit amount, yield and oil yield per plant of the strain Changlin53 changed with different potassium levels, and no significant gradient law was found. But for the strain Changlin27, with the increasing potassium levels, the dry seed rate, oil rate of fruit increased at first and then de- creased, and the fruit amount, fruit yield and oil yield declined. Whether in ＇on＇ or ＇off＇ year, the relationship between fruit yield and fruit amount per plant was the closest, and the yield of ＇ on＇ year was dominant in the pro duction of C. oleifera. For the average yield of ＇ on＇ and ＇ off＇ year, the moderate potassium better. With appropriate potassium, the fruit character of C. oleifera can be effectively improved and yield per plant will be more in ＇ on＇ year.

关 键 词：油茶 钾肥水平 果实性状 产量 相关分析 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S725.5[农业科学—林学]