单室人员疏散模型及仿真分析  

Single-room evacuation model and its simulation analysis

作　　者：周令昌[1] 赵国敏[1] 梁茵[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津城建大学能源与安全工程学院安全工程系,天津300384

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第2期164-167,共4页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51108297)

摘　　要：为实现对单室人员疏散时间的精确计算,通过对单室人员疏散过程的分析,揭示单室疏散时人员运动的规律,建立了有、无障碍条件下单室人员疏散的计算模型,得到疏散门处发生拥堵的临界条件,并将计算模型的计算数据与相同条件下社会力疏散模型的仿真数据进行比较,以评价计算模型的准确性。结果表明,计算模型计算简单,数据可靠,能够用于计算单室人员疏散的时间。This paper aims at building an evacuation approach based on the analysis of the single-room evacuation process. We have done the calculation of the single-room evacuation time primarily based on the location of the residents, the evacuation speed and the width of e- vacuation door in reference to the literature concerned. However, we haven＇t taken into account the impact of the congestion interference in the evacuation process while calculating the evacuation time. Therefore, first of all, we have analyzed in detail the process of the single-room evacuation. And, secondly, we have established a cal- culation model of the single-room evacuation time-needed in different critical conditions accordingly. At the same time, we have made a detailed discussion of the critical condition, or moments, of the con- gestion at the evacuation doors as well. And, finally, a simulated model of the evacuation process of the single-room case has been built up according to the social mechanics with the accuracy of the model being assessed. The results of the model calculation and simulation prove that ： （ 1 ） The analysis of the model for the single-room evacua- tion process rums out quite rational and reasonable though there re- mains a slight difference between the calculation results and the simu- lation ones; （2） The critical calculation sphere may have some effect on the calculation results of the evacuation time, the value of which is related to the residence density, the speed and the size of the said room. If the actual breadth of the evacuation door is greater than the critical calculation width, then the evacuation time would be related to the size of the room and the speed. And, conversely, the evacua- tion time is also related to the size of the door, the breadth of the e- vacuation door, the density of the evaluators and their moving speed; （3） Whether the congestion occurs at the evacuation door has to be judged by the m：itical congestion breadth, the value of which is relat- ed to the excavation resi

关 键 词：安全工程 疏散时间 计算临界宽度 拥堵临界宽度 仿真 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]