基于新数据分配法的线路板生命周期清单分析  

Life cycle inventory of printed circuit board based on a new data allocation algorithm

作　　者：胡新燕[1] 陈雁[2] 颜锡春 戴科伟[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210000 [2]南京师范大学环境科学研究所,南京210097 [3]南京赛特环境工程有限公司,南京210003

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第2期222-227,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

摘　　要：针对目前生命周期评价清单分析中数据有效性差,以及线路板生产重金属废水和危险废物污染大的问题,在生命周期清单分析中引入行业分配系数,即根据行业和产品的不同分别确定物耗、能耗和污染物排放分配系数;并根据质能守恒原理设计了新数据分配算法,将各类分配系数代入该算法,将多种类产品的混合数据分配到各单种类产品中;最后运用该方法对线路板进行生命周期清单分析,得到了线路板行业的分配系数及单面板、双面板和多层板的生命周期清单。结果表明:新分配算法优于目前常用的以相对质量进行数据分配的方法;在线路板生命周期全过程中,产品生产和报废处置两阶段对环境影响最大;生产阶段最大的污染是危险固废,而非传统认识中的重金属废水;电力消耗是线路板生命过程中的主要能耗。This paper is aimed to introduce its design project of a renovated data-afiocation algorithm of LCI and its application to the three kinds of printed circuit boards with the intention to overcome the poor validity of the current LCI data. What is more, the pollution caused by the heavy metal sewage and hazardous wastes remains seri- ous with the production of the printed circuit boards. To solve the above said problems, we would like to introduce into the renovated design project the industry allocation coefficient, which includes the coefficients of the raw material consumption, the energy consumption and the production pollution respectively on the basis of our study of different related industrial products. The so-called coefficient of the raw material consumption based on the product structure has been de- fined and confirmed in accordance with the clean industrial production standards in line with the standards set in the Manual of the First Na- tional Census Sources ofPoUution. What is more, we have improved a new algorithm in calculating the mixed data of multi-used products for single products in line with the energy conservation. And, finally, we have managed to introduee the said algorithm into the LCI of the printed circuit boards and that of the single-sided, the dual-sided and the multi-layer printed circuit boards. The data lists in the paper demonstrate that, first of all, the industry allocation coefficient and the innovated allocation algorithm we have proposed are more advan- tageous than the commonly used methods in data distribution in accor- dance with the quality standards concerned. And, in turn, the indus- trial distribution coefficient and the algorithm we have improved are particularly suitable for the multi-purposed product system of LCI pro- duction due to its superiority in adaptability to the variations of the structure of the products. Secondly, in the whole process of produc- tion of the printed circuit boards, the production and the scrap dis- posal helps to protect the environmen

关 键 词：环境学 生命周期评价 数据分配 多产品系统 行业分配系数 线路板 

分 类 号：X820.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]