基于野外实测光谱的污灌区土壤重金属污染快速监测  

On the prompt monitoring for the heavy metal contamination of the soil in the areas of sewage irrigation based on the field testing spectra

作　　者：刘硕[1] 吴泉源[1] 张龙龙[1] 蔡东全 周历媛 刘娜[1] 曹学江 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学人口.资源与环境学院,济南250014 [2]山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第2期297-302,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41371395);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAB11B01);山东省水利厅项目(鲁水财字【2012】49号-2);山东省龙口市龙口矿区及周边海岸带环境地质调查与评价项目(鲁勘字【2012】110号);山东省焦家金成矿带及周边矿区环境地质调查项目(鲁勘字【2013】141号)

摘　　要：利用光谱反射率反演土壤重金属含量相比传统实验室化学分析方法具有简单高效、成本低、非侵入性等优点。但光谱采集主要局限于实验室内,大大降低了监测的时效性。采集了龙口市污水灌溉区内的32个土壤样本,对9种重金属(Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)进行了测定,并对土壤光谱进行了野外实测,同时对实测光谱进行光谱变换,提取了去除包络线(CR)、光谱倒数对数(lg(1/R))、一阶微分(RD1)、二阶微分(RD2)4种光谱指标,采用偏最小二乘回归方法(PLSR)建模。结果表明,污水灌溉区内存在严重的土壤重金属污染现象,As、Ni、Cd等重金属富集情况显著,与Fe、Mn呈显著相关的6种元素为Ni、Mn、As、Pb、Zn、Cr,相应的最优建模光谱指标分别为一阶微分(RD1)、二阶微分(RD2)、反射率(R)、反射率(R)、二阶微分(RD2)、去除包络线(CR),验证精度r分别为0.935 3、0.781 4、0.699 6、0.745 8、0.690 1、0.569 6。研究表明,利用野外实测光谱可以提高土壤重金属监测的时效性,预估土壤重金属含量具有一定的可行性,但针对不同的重金属应使用不同的光谱指标建模来达到最优效果。The present paper intends to introduce our study on the quantitative retrieval of heavy metal contamination in the soil based on the field hyper-speetral of soil in hoping to explore and find the opti- mal parameters of the spectra which are of highly precision for the heavy metal concentration investigation and measurement. As is known, in comparison with the traditional monitoring methods for soil＇s heavy metal contamination monitoring testing and examination through laboratory analysis, the hyper-spectral remote sensing tech- nology is rather simple and efficient, lo^v-expensive and convenient, in addition to its non-invasive by nature. However, the spectra col- lection has to be confined for laboratory conditions, which has made it impossible to do all-weather and field monitoring activities. In this paper, we would like to take the sewage irrigation area of Longkou City, Shandong, as a sample monitoring area and set 32 sampling re- gions and collect soil samples we need, which is made up of 9 kinds of heavy metals and include such heavy metal contents as those of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb. At the same time, we have measured the field reflectance spectra by using a Field Spec Hand-op- erating spectrometer produced by the ASD Company（Analytical Spec- tral Devices）. To achieve the purpose we have set up, we have ex- tracted four parameters based on the reflection spectra, such as the continuum-removed spectra （ CR ）, the inverse-lg spectra （lg（ 1/R ））, the first derivative reflectance spectra（ RD1 ）, as well as the second derivative reflectance spectra （RD2 ） , while modeling has been done by using the Partial Least-Squares Regression（PLSR）. The results of our analysis show that it is of extremely great importance to reduce or eliminate the heavy metal contaminants with biological toxi- city for such heavy metal pollution has become very serious in the study area, especially the contaminants of As, Ni, Cd. Statistically speaking, among the 6 kinds of heavy metal contami

关 键 词：环境工程学 野外实测光谱 污水灌溉区 土壤 重金属污染 

分 类 号：X833[环境科学与工程—环境工程]