基于GIS的淮南煤矿废弃地土壤重金属污染生态风险评价  

Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal distribution in the Datong deserted coal mining area in Huainan based on GIS

作　　者：孙贤斌[1] 李玉成[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]皖西学院资源环境与旅游管理学院,安徽六安237012 [2]安徽大学资源与环境上程学院,合肥230601 [3]煤矿生态环境保护周家工程实验室,安徽淮南232001

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2015年第2期348-352,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41172121);淮南矿业集团项目(HKKY-STHJYJS-JS-(2012)-001);安徽省人文地理学重点学科建设项目

摘　　要：为了解淮南大通煤矿重金属污染特征及其生态风险,以该废弃地土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤重金属元素质量比,评价其潜在生态风险,结合GIS技术分析其空间变化趋势。结果表明：1）淮南大通煤矿废弃地土壤重金属汞（Hg）、镉（Cd）、铬（Cr）、铅（Pb）、铜（Cu）超出土壤背景值1.99~27.2倍,其中以Hg和Cd污染最为严重。2）大通煤矿废弃地地表土Hg的单因子风险等级均在强以上,Cd的风险等级为极强和很强,其面积比例为98.79%、1.21%。底层土Hg的单因子风险等级以极强和很强为主,占区域面积比例分别为60.33%、21.86%,Cd的风险等级均为极强。Hg和Cd是煤矿废弃地最主要的综合生态风险贡献因子,主要风险区为煤矸石堆斜坡、塌陷区、化工厂滤池等地;Cr、Pb和Cu单因子风险均为轻微等级。3）大通煤矿废弃地地表土和底层土综合生态风险均为很强和强两个等级,表层土面积比例分别为88.05%和11.95%,底层土面积比例分别为97.81%和2.19%;底层土的风险指数值更大,表层土以原化工厂与煤矸石堆斜坡为中心高值区,底层土的高值中心位于煤矿塌陷区。The paper is concerned about a potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal distribution in the Datong deserted coal mining area in Huainan based on GIS technology. To proceed with our research, we have collected and examined the heavy metal pollu- tion characteristics and the potential ecological risks to the mining area and Huainan City, with the help of GIS technique, in addition to the spatial changing trend of the area. The results show that ： （ 1 ） On average, the concentrations of 5 heavy metal elements exceed the background values by 1.99 - 27.2 times, with the pollution of Hg and Cd being the most serious ones, followed by Cr and Pb. The pol- lution of Cu is found relatively slight. （2） In the soil depth of 0 - 10 cm, Hg turns out to be very strong, which is above the average level in contamination. And the contamination of Cd is ＂extremely strong＂ and ＂very strong＂, the area pollution proportion among the total stands in a ratio of 98.79% to 1.21% respectively. In the bottom soil depth of 20 - 30 cm, the single factor risk level of Hg turns out to be extremely strong or very strong, with the proportions being 60.33% and 21.86%, respectively, and that of Cd being extremely strong. What is more, Hg and Cd serve as the main contributors to the comprehensive ecological risk indexes in the deserted mining area. Besides, the main risk areas are the heap slopes of the coal gangue, chemical filter of the former chemical plants and the coal mining subsidies, though the single factor risk levels of Cr, Pb and Cu can be said to mild. （3） So far as the comprehensive ecological risk levels of surface soil and bottom soil are concerned, the risk lev- els can be said very strong and strong, respectively. The area propor- tions of surface soil pollution can be said to reach 88.05% to 11.95%, as compared with the bottom soil, 97.81% to 2.19%. The index of the risk value in the bottom soil is also bigger, with the high concentrations focused in the parts including the former chemical plants a

关 键 词：环境学 土壤重金属 生态风险评价 GIS 大通煤矿废弃地 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]