自然保护区生态补偿体系研究  

The Framework of Ecological Compensation to Natural Reserves

作　　者：李果[1] 罗遵兰[1] 赵志平[1] 孙光[1] 吴晓莆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012

出　　处：《环境与可持续发展》2015年第2期52-56,共5页Environment and Sustainable Development

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项:国家级自然保护区保护成效评估与规范化建设关键技术研究(201209028)

摘　　要：自然保护区生态补偿对于增加自然保护区保护投入、平衡围绕自然保护区生态保护的利益关系具有重要意义。本文基于对自然保护区核心利益相关者的关切与诉求的分析,探讨自然保护区生态补偿的框架。提出自然保护区生态补偿可分为抑损性生态补偿与增益性生态补偿两种类型,具体包括五个方面的补偿内容,即开发利用者对自然保护区自然资源开发的补偿、消费者对自然保护区自然资源利用的补偿、自然保护区内原住民损失补偿、环保机构与个人付出的保护努力与成本的补偿,以及自然保护区生态效益补偿。补偿方式与途径应根据不同的补偿内容与补偿的主客体进行选择。在国家与政府主导的基础上,促进多元化的补偿方式,加强各方利益相关者的参与。Ecological compensation to natural reserves is important for improving the ability of ecological protection and balancing the interests of the stakeholders around the conservation of natural reserves. We discuss the concerns and demands of the core stakeholders and explore the framework system of ecological compensation to natural reserves. In the proposed framework, ecological compensation is of contents in five aspects, including compensation due to exploration and exploitation of natural resources, compensation due to consumption and use of natural resources, compensation for the loss of local people, compensation for the contribution of environmental protection agencies and individuals, and compensation for ecosystem benefits. And these five aspects are qualitatively grouped into two categories, one is loss restraining eco - compensation and the other is benefit promoting eco - compensation. The choosing of compensation approach depends on the specific compensation contents and also the targeted subject and object of compensation. It is essential to stabilize government - led ecological compensation, meanwhile, develop multiple implementing channels and encourage wide participation of stakeholders.

关 键 词：自然保护区 利益相关者 抑损性生态补偿 增益性生态补偿 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]