广西右江河谷旱作灌溉需水量变化特征  

Variation characteristics of dry farming irrigation water demand in Youjiang valley of Guangxi

作　　者：陆耀凡[1] 廖雪萍[2] 陈欣[3] 史彩霞 林振敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]百色市气象局,广西百色533000 [2]广西气象减灾研究所,南宁530022 [3]田东县气象局,广西田东531500 [4]广西气象服务中心,南宁530022

出　　处：《气象研究与应用》2015年第1期100-104,共5页Journal of Meteorological Research and Application

基　　金：广西自然科学基金资助(2011GXNSFA018008)

摘　　要：利用百色、田阳、田东和平果气象观测站1971—2013年历年实测的逐日降水量资料以及平果站1990～2013年甘蔗、1994～2013玉米发育期观测资料，采f}j美国农业部土壤保持局推荐的有效降水量计算法，对右江河谷甘蔗、玉米旱作各生育期需水量、水分盘亏、灌溉需水量情况以及变化规律进行分析。结果表明，右江河谷各县区甘蔗以及除平果外大部分县区玉米的全生育期平均水分条件是亏缺的，甘蔗全生育期水分亏缺主要由茎伸长-成熟期缺水引起，该生育期阶段多年平均灌溉需水量为220mm；玉米全生育期水分亏缺则主要由播种-出苗及乳熟-成熟期缺水引起，其中以播种-出苗期缺水最多，该发育阶段多年平均灌溉需水量为30mm。近40年来，右江河谷甘蔗各生育期有效降水量和水分盈亏指数的变化呈减少和下降的趋势，灌溉需水量的变化则呈增加趋势；大部分县区玉米除乳熟-成熟期外，其余各生育期有效降水量和水分盈亏指数的变化呈微弱减少和下降趋势，灌溉需水量的变化则呈微弱增加趋势。Based on the daily precipitation data from 1971 to 2013 of baise, Tian Yang, Tiandong and sugar cane growth observation data （1990 - 2013） and maize growth observation data （1994 - 2013） in Pingguo, water demand, water balance, the irrigation water demand and their variation during all growth period of sugarcane and maize in Youjiang valley were analyzed by the calculation method of effective rainfall recommended by USDA. Results show that average moisture conditions during the whole growing period of sugarcane and maize in each county of Youjiang valley, except maize in Pingguo County, are deficiency. Water deficit in the whole stages of sugarcane is mainly led by the water shortage during stem elongation period to the mature period （the average irrigation water requirement of years is 220mm） ,; by contrast, the water shortage during sowing - emergence and milk - mature period mainly causes the water deficit of maize, and the shortage during sowing- emergence （the average irrigation water requirement of years is 30mm） , in the most. In recent 40 years, the variation of effective rainfall and water balance index of each growth period of sugarcane in Youjiang river valley show decreasing and the trend of decline, while the irrigation water requirement is increased; except during the milk - mature period, effective rainfall and water balance index of each growth period of maize in most counties of Youjiang river valley show slightly reducing and falling trend, while the irrigation water demand is weakly increased.

关 键 词：右江河谷 旱作 灌溉需水量 变化 特征 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]