中国村庄经济社会发展的特征与趋势  

Features and trends of Chinese village's economic and social development

作　　者：宋洪远[1] 张红奎[1] 武志刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部农村经济研究中心,北京100810

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2015年第2期1-5,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(12&ZD055);国家软科学重点项目(2013GXS3B056)

摘　　要：基于全国农村固定观察点360个行政村和2万多农户1986—2013年的连续观察数据从人口与人力资本、劳动就业、收入与消费、公共服务、村庄经济发展五个方面分析了中国村庄经济社会发展的特征与趋势,具体包括:村庄人口老龄化,人口红利下降;劳动参与率下降,非农就业规模不断扩大,农业兼业化趋势基本稳定;农民收入增长较快,工资性收入对农民增收作用日益突出,村庄内部农民收入差距扩大;消费水平不断提高,消费占收入比重和恩格尔系数持续下降,医疗卫生和文化服务支出比重提高;村庄基础设施条件不断改善,社会事业发展提速,农民生活质量稳步提高;村庄经济发展速度放慢,村域经济比重下降,村庄空心化加剧;村集体经济规模不断扩大,集体经营收入所占比重显著下降,村集体经济发展分化显著。This paper analyzes the features and trends Chinese villages＇ economic and social development, which is mainly based on the continuous observation data about more than 20 000 households and 360 villages in the national rural fixed observation points during 1986-2013. This paper finds out： Village population is aging, but it is still in the demographic dividend phase, and the demographic dividend will end around the year 2030; labor force participation rate has dropped, and off farm employment is expanding; farmers＇ incomes rapidly increase and their wage is playing a prominent role in the increasing of their income, and farmers＇ income disparities within villages; the level of consumption is constantly improving and the share of income and Engel continues to decline, health and cultural service expenditure proportion increases rapidly; the village infrastructure condition has improved, and social undertakings rapidly develop, and the quality of life of farmers has improved significantly; the village economic development speed slows down, and the proportion of village economy in national economy declines, and village hollow issues have highlighted; village collective economy is expanding, but the share of collective operating income has decreased significantly, and the village collective economic development is significant differentiating.

关 键 词：村庄 经济 社会 发展趋势 

分 类 号：F320.3[经济管理—产业经济]