四川卧龙岷江冷杉林分布规律及种群特征  

Distribution Law and Population Characteristics of Abies faxoniana Forest in Wolong Natural Reserve,Sichuan Province

作　　者：何飞[1] 冯秋红[2] 潘红丽[2] 樊华[3] 刘兴良[2] 刘世荣[4] 

机构地区：[1]四川省工程咨询研究院,四川成都610012 [2]四川省林业科学研究院,四川成都610081 [3]四川省自然资源科学研究院,四川成都610015 [4]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《四川林业科技》2015年第2期10-14,共5页Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：四川省林业科学研究院自列课题(ZL2012-15)

摘　　要：通过典型抽样法,对四川省卧龙自然保护区邓生阴坡的的岷江冷杉原始林进行了分布以及种群特征的调查研究。结果表明,在卧龙自然保护区,岷江冷杉林主要分布在湿润的阴坡或半阴坡,常形成多种群落类型,并能从海拔2 700 m的坡底连绵成片分布到海拔3 800 m的林线;主要有6类群落,分别为岷江冷杉-华西箭竹林、岷江冷杉-峨眉玉山竹林、岷江冷杉-冷箭竹林、岷江冷杉-大叶金顶杜鹃林、岷江冷杉-星毛杜鹃林和岷江冷杉-无柄杜鹃林。研究区岷江冷杉相同径级的树高随着海拔的升高却逐渐变矮,在海拔2 700 m、2 900 m、3 100 m和3 300 m的岷江冷杉种群属于增长型的年龄结构,海拔3 600 m岷江冷杉种群属于稳定型的年龄结构;岷江冷杉林剧烈的种间竞争发生在森林底层或下层,海拔2 700 m^3 200 m间岷江冷杉种群的主要竞争对象是华西箭竹,海拔3 200 m^3 600 m的范围的主要竞争对象是大叶金顶杜鹃和无柄杜鹃,影响岷江冷杉种群繁殖与更新;岷江冷杉种群常遭受病虫兽害和风灾与雪灾,影响岷江冷杉种群生长发育和造成数量减小。In wolong nature reserve,Abies faxoniana forests are mainly distributed in moist shade slope or half-shade slope of the mountains with an elevation from 2 700 m to 3 800 m. Abies faxoniana forest could develop a variety of community types,such as Abies faxoniana-Fargesia nitida forest,Abies faxoniana-Yushania brevipaniculata forest,Abies faxoniana-Bashania fangiana forest,Abies faxoniana-Rhododendron faberi sp. prattii forest,Abies faxoniana-Rhododendron kyawii forest and Abies faxoniana-Rhododendron watsonii forest. The height of Abies faxoniana trees decreased with the increasing of the altitude in the same diameter class. The age structures of population of Abies faxoniana were growing types in areas with the elevations of 2 700 m,2 900 m,3 100 m and 3 300 m,and a stable type in the area with an elevation of 3 600 m. There were intense interspecific competitions at shrub level. The main competitor of Abies faxoniana population was Fargesia nitida in areas with the elevation from 2 700 m to 3 200 m,and Rhododendron faberi sp. prattii and Rhododendron watsonii in areas with the elevation from 2 700 m to 3 200 m. They all had influence on reproduction and regeneration of Abies faxoniana population. Abies faxoniana population often suffered diseases,insect pests,mammal damage,wind damage and snow disaster,thus resulting in an adverse effect on growth,development and number of Abies faxoniana population.

关 键 词：分布规律 种群特征 岷江冷杉林 卧龙自然保护区 

分 类 号：S791.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]