脆性材料在超高压磨料射流钻孔过程中的破损机理研究  

Study on the Damage Mechanism of Brittle Material in Piercing Process by Ultra-High-Pressure Abrasive Water Jet

作　　者：张仕进[1] 陶辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学资源与环境科学学院,重庆400044

出　　处：《湖南工业大学学报》2015年第1期29-33,共5页Journal of Hunan University of Technology

基　　金：国家创新研究群体基金资助项目(50621403);国家973基金资助项目(2009CB724606)

摘　　要：针对高压磨料水射流对脆性材料进行钻孔时,脆性材料极易在钻孔初始瞬间及钻孔过程中发生脆性破裂的问题,进行深入理论研究。通过分析高压磨料水射流的工作原理,和观察本课题组前期所做的大量实验,得出钻孔初始瞬间及钻孔过程中水和磨料分别对脆性材料的作用机理为:1)钻孔初始阶段,当喷嘴上方的阀门打开时,水射流柱与固体表面接触初始瞬间,水射流束通过压缩波对固体表面产生一个非常高的压力,如果该动压力超出了材料本身所能承受的临界压力,材料就会发生脆性破裂;2)钻孔过程中,压缩波传递到水射流柱自由表面,而磨料从磨料罐进入混合腔需要一定时间(最多为几秒),这个时间段还是纯水射流对固体材料发生作用,而产生滞止压力,如果该滞止压力超过了材料本身所能承受的临界压力,材料也会发生脆性破裂。In view of the problems that the delicate materials often occur cracks at initial piercing moment and during drilling process by high pressure abrasive water jet, carried on the thorough theoretical research. Based on the analysis of high-pressure abrasive water jet operating principle and previous experimental experiences, obtains the water and abrasive effect mechanism on brittle materials at initial piercing moment and drilling process： 1） In the initial phase, when the jet is turned on, at the water jet column and a solid surface contact initial instant, the water jet through the compression waves produces a very high pressure on the solid surface, if the pressure goes beyond the critical pressure that the material could bear, the brittle fracture would happen; 2）In the drilling phase, the compression waves transfer to free surface water jet column, and it takes some time for the abrasive from the tank into the mixing chamber（at most several seconds）, in which the water jet acts on the solid material, and produces stagnation pressure, if the pressure is beyond the material critical pressure, the brittle fracture would also happen.

关 键 词：高压磨料水射流 脆性材料 钻孔 滞止压力 

分 类 号：TP602[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]