黄河下游高含沙洪水水库调控技术研究  

Reservoir regulation techniques for hyperconcentrated flows in the Lower Yellow River

作　　者：费祥俊[1] 吴保生[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2015年第2期1-8,共8页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划资助项目(2012BAB02B02)

摘　　要：黄河下游场次洪水来沙系数与下游河道的冲淤关系密切，进入下游的典型高含沙洪水的平均来沙系数为0．093～0．105，如洪水期在下游沿程无引水，小浪底水库不调节，则相应全下游淤积可占到来沙的59％-62％，故小浪底水库拦蓄高含沙洪水为下游减淤是有必要的。但必须考虑由此导致的水库淤积加重及人海沙量减少。本文提出了以小浪底水库排沙比Y表达的控制指标，对代表性洪水系列的计算表明，在现有洪水来沙系数范围内，小浪底水库正常运用的宏观控制指标可取Y=2／3，能兼顾水库尽可能少淤、下游减淤及多排沙人海，确保减淤比在40％以上。在实际操作中需视洪水来沙系数预报值，据小浪底水库合理拦沙运用的控制指标进行调控。迄今小浪底水库淤积已占原设计拦沙库容的30％以上，应考虑降低汛期水位，为洪水期水库排沙比提高到Y=2／3左右创造条件，以抑制库容淤损过快的势头。Erosion and deposition in the Lower Yellow River is closely related to the incoming sediment coeffi- cient of hyperconcentrated flood events. The average incoming sediment coefficient of typical hyperconcentrat- ed floods entering the Lower Yellow River was in the range of 0. 093 and 0. 105. In flood seasons, the sedi- ment deposition in lower reaches can reach 59% -62% of the incoming sediment load if no reservoir regula- tion and no water diversion along the channel. Therefore, it is necessary to impound hyperconcentrated floods in order to reduce sediment deposition in the Lower Yellow River. But the consequences of increased deposi- tion in the Xiaolangdi reservoir and reduced sediment load into the sea must be considered. A control index Y expressed by reservoir sediment release ratio was proposed. Calculation for representative flood series in the range of incoming sediment coefficients of the flood records indicated that a value of Y = 2/3 can be adopted for normal reservoir operation. This may reduce deposition in the lower reaches （ensuring a sedimentation reduc- tion ratio above 40% ）and increase sediment load delivered to the sea, while reducing deposition in the Xia- olangdi reservoir as much as possible. In practice, the Xiaolangdi reservoir should be operated according to the control index depending on the value of incoming sediment coefficient prediction for floods. So far, sedi- ment deposition in the Xiaolangdi reservoir already reached 30% of the original design capacity of sediment deposition. The water level in flood seasons should be lowered in order to increase the sediment release ratio to a value of Y = 2/3 in flood seasons, and to restrain the fast storage loss due to sedimentation.

关 键 词：黄河下游 高含沙水流 来沙系数 调水调沙 控制指标 

分 类 号：TV143.6[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]