鲁中南山地6个造林树种根系形态的比较  

Root morphology of six tree species in mountain area of middle south Shandong

作　　者：蔡鲁 朱婉芮 王华田[1,2] 张光灿[1,2] 刘霞[2] 杨吉华[1] 王延平[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山东省土壤侵蚀与生态修复重点实验室,山东农业大学林学院,山东泰安271018 [2]国家林业局泰山森林生态系统定位研究站,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2015年第2期83-91,共9页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业专项子课题“干旱瘠薄山地植被恢复与重建技术研究”(20104002-6);淮河水利委员会水土保持管理项目“淮河流域国家水土保持重点工程区水土流失问题及防治对策”(HWSB2013002);世界银行贷款山东省生态造林项目“干旱瘠薄山地树种及造林模式选择研究”(SEAP-KY-1)

摘　　要：干旱瘠薄山地造林树种选择是制约这一特殊生境植被修复的关键问题。为明确不同树种对干旱瘠薄生境的生态适应策略,为困难地造林树种选择提供依据,采用挖掘法获取树木整体根系,用根系扫描仪测定细根形态参数,对比分析鲁中南干旱瘠薄山地黑松、侧柏、黄连木、麻栎、黄栌、扶芳藤6个造林树种根系构型及细根形态特征,阐明干旱瘠薄生境中不同树种根系形态的差异性及其对特殊生境的适应性。结果表明：1）相同立地条件下6树种根系构型差异较大,黑松、侧柏、扶芳藤根系表现为浅根性,依靠水平空间的拓展获得水分和养分是它们对干旱瘠薄生境的适应策略;而黄栌、黄连木、麻栎根系则为深根性。2）各树种细根形态存在较大差异,扶芳藤各级细根数量最多,且长度、表面积和体积显著高于其他树种（P〈0.05）,表明其具有极强的生根能力及水分和养分利用能力。3）麻栎和扶芳藤低级细根（1-2级）的比根长在所有树种中最大,表明它们的细根具有良好的吸收功能。根据各树种的根系形态特征,在干旱瘠薄山地造林实践中,可利用其根系生长策略的不同考虑树种混交,营建针阔混交、乔灌混交等多种林型,充分发挥森林固水保土等生态效益。Tree species selection is greatly critical to afforestation and vegetation restoration in arid and barren mountain areas. To examine the ecological adaptation strategies of different tree species to these special environments,and to supply scientific proof for tree species selection in stress environments,this study sampled whole root system of six tree species,namely Pinus thunbergii,Platycladus orientalis,which belong to conifer trees,Pistacia chinensis,Quercus acutissima,which belong to deciduous-arbor trees,Cotinus coggygria and Euonymus fortunei which belong to deciduous shrub and evergreen woody liana. The root architecture traits like horizontal and vertical distribution pattern were shown in coordination system to compare their difference,and fine roots morphological traits of 1 to 5 order roots were also examined through winrhizo root system. Finally,roots architecture and morphological traits of these tree species were compared to analyze the adaptive strategy of different tree species in this arid andbarren environment. The results showed that there were significant differences among all tree species.The roots of three tree species,Pinus thunbergii,Platycladus orientalis,Euonymus fortunei,showed shallow rooted property,and their adaptive strategy to arid barren environment might depend on root exploration and water and nutrient utilization on soil horizontal direction. However,the other three trees,Cotinus coggygria,Pistacia chinensis,Quercus acutissima,showed deep rooted property,which indicated that these tree species would explore their roots to deeper soil for resources utilization. Secondly,the morphological traits of all tree species showed significant differences,and the fine roots of Euonymus fortunei were the most and the root length,surface area and root volume were the highest in all trees（ P〈 0. 05）,which indicated that it had more abilities of rooting and water-nutrient utilization. Thirdly,the root specific length of first and second order roots of Quercus acutissima and Euonymus fo

关 键 词：根系构型 细根形态 生境适应策略 干旱瘠薄山地 

分 类 号：S728.13[农业科学—林木遗传育种]