不同配方叶面肥对苎麻产量、纤维支数及败蔸情况的影响  

Effects of Different Foliar Fertilizers on Yield,Fiber Fineness and Rotten Root of Ramie(Boehmeria nivea L.)

作　　者：白玉超[1] 郭婷[1] 佘玮[1] 刘楠楠[1] 曹诣[1] 肖呈祥[1] 崔国贤[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学苎麻研究所,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2015年第2期80-86,共7页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：国家麻类产业技术体系土壤肥料岗位(CARS-19);国家自然科学基金项目(31471543)资助

摘　　要：在大田栽培条件下,通过3季苎麻（Boehmeria nivea L.）试验探讨了4个不同配方叶面肥对苎麻产量、纤维支数和败蔸情况的影响。研究结果表明,不同配方叶面肥均能提升苎麻株高、茎粗、鲜皮厚度、有效株数和鲜皮出麻率等产量因素,原麻产量和生物产量提高。随着叶面肥中营养元素种类增加,苎麻的原麻产量、生物产量进一步提高,且以F4腐植酸复合叶面肥的增产效果最为明显,与其他处理相比全年纤维产量和生物产量均达到显著水平。叶面施肥能提高苎麻的纤维支数,但在不同的收获期处理间差异较大。其中以F4腐植酸复合叶面肥处理下纤维支数最高,与其他处理相比中苎1号提高了1.12%~4.75%（头麻）、0.57%~5.44%（二麻）和0.94%~2.62%（三麻）,多倍体1号提高了2.48%~7.22%（头麻）、0.70%~7.64%（二麻）和0.55%~7.49%（三麻）。不同处理下苎麻败蔸情况差异不大,叶面施肥不能减少败蔸情况的发生。The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of four different foliar fer-tilizers on yield,fiber fineness and rotten root of ramie.A field trial was conducted with the design of randomized block with single -factor.The results showed that the yield components including plant height,stem diameter,bark thickness,effective stem,and bast fiber content of ramie were improved by using foliar fertilizers.Moreover,the biological yield and fiber yield increased markedly when the nutri-tional components of foliar fertilizers increased.With the compound fertilizer of humic acid,ramie yield increased largely.The annual fiber yield and biological yield reached the most significant level compared with other treatments.Foliage dressing could improve the fiber fineness,but there was an obvious differ-ence between treatments at different harvesting times.Compared with other treatments,the fiber fineness of Zhongzhu -1 increased by 1.12% ~4.75% （first crop）,0.57% ~5.44% （second crop）and 0.94% ~2.62% （third crop）with the compound fertilizer of humic acid,and Tri -1 increased by 2.48% ~7.22% （first crop）,0.70% ~7.64% （second crop）and 0.55% ~7.49% （third crop）re-spectively.There was insignificant difference in rotten root numbers under different treatments,which demonstrated that foliage dressing couldn’t decrease the occurrence of rotten root.

关 键 词：苎麻(Boehmeria nivea L.) 叶面肥 产量 纤维支数 败蔸 

分 类 号：S563.1[农业科学—作物学]