多元铝合金相图热力学、热物性质数据库及其应用  

Thermodynamic and Thermophysical Databases of Multicomponent Al Alloys and Their Applications

作　　者：刘树红[1] 凌缔成 黄丹丹[1] 张帆[1] 杜勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学粉末冶金国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2015年第4期305-316,共12页Materials China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51101172);科技部973计划项目(2011CB610401;2014CB6644002);中德"铝合金微结构"联合实验室(GZ755)

摘　　要：精确的热力学、热物性质数据库是对多元多相材料制备过程中微观结构演变定量描述的关键。高性能铝合金作为航空航天和国民生产用重要结构材料,其制备工艺的优化和设计一直备受关注。首先概述了多元多相铝合金热力学数据库构筑的方法及其最新研究进展,重点介绍了多元多相铝合金相平衡的测定方法和TEM、3DAP及第一原理计算在铝合金热力学数据库构筑中的辅助作用。随后介绍了多元多相铝合金扩散系数、粘度、摩尔体积数据库构筑的最新研究进展。给出3个实例介绍了热力学数据库和热物性质数据库在铝合金凝固过程中微观结构演变模拟的应用。最后简单总结了多元铝合金热力学和热物性质数据库目前面临的问题和挑战。Thermodynamic properties and phase equilibria are prerequisite for understanding many scientific and techno- logical disciplines. Accurate databases for thermodynamic and thermophysical properties are the key to realize the descrip- tiola of microstructure evolution of multicomponent and multiphase alloys. As super-structural materials for aerospace and civil industry, the optimal process for the aluminum alloys is very important and has received a lot of concerns. This paper firstly provides an overview on the thermodynamic database and the latest research progress on the multicomponent alumi- num alloys, especially introducing the application of TEM and 3DAP in the measurement of phase equilibria of the multi- component alloys as well as the importance of first-principles calculations in the construction of the thermodynamic data- base. Subsequently, a brief introduction about the recent research on the thermophysical databases of the aluminum al- loys~ such as diffusion coefficient, molar volume as well as the viscosity, is presented. Then three case studies are de- scribed to show how the thermodynamic and thermophysical databases are applied in the simulation of the solidification mi- crostructure of the aluminum alloys. Finally, the major challenges for the development of accurate thermodynamic and thermophysical databases for muiticomponent and muhiphase aluminum alloys are briefly concluded.

关 键 词：多元铝合金 相平衡 热力学数据库 热物性参数 CALPHAD方法 

分 类 号：TG146.2[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]