油气藏水力压裂计算模拟技术研究现状与展望  

CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECT OF COMPUTER SIMULATION TECHNIQUES OF HYDRAULIC FRACTURING IN OIL AND GAS FIELD

作　　者：张搏[1,2] 李晓[1] 王宇[1] 武艳芳[1] 李关访[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《工程地质学报》2015年第2期301-310,共10页Journal of Engineering Geology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类(XDB10030300;XDB10050400)资助

摘　　要：水力压裂技术是油气藏尤其是页岩气开发中的核心技术,利用数值模拟方法进行压裂优化和产能预测又是水力压裂成功的关键。本文首先介绍了水力压裂技术的发展历程。然后从计算模型(二维模型、拟三维模型和全三维模型)和数值模拟方法(基于连续介质和基于非连续介质)两方面对油气藏开发领域的水力压裂计算模拟技术进行较全面的总结。最后,从以下3个方面指出现今研究的不足并提出了进一步的研究建议:(1)全三维模型的完善-全三维模型应当与真实的工程参数和监测数据结合,用于校正模型本身,而校正后的全三维模型又可预测和优化新的现场水力压裂作业;(2)数值模拟方法的选用-已有的水力压裂数值模拟方法种类繁多,需要针对各种方法的适用范围、计算效率和模拟效果等,进行全面的比较和优化;(3)页岩储层中天然裂缝网络的数值模拟-天然裂隙网络加剧了页岩储层力学性质的各向异性,同时水力裂缝沟通天然裂缝活化扩展是有利于储层的增渗增产,对压裂缝网的形态、尺寸和连通率等起着至关重要的作用。因此,数值计算过程中综合考虑页岩储层中天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相互作用,将是未来水力压裂模拟的热点。Hydraulic fracturing technology is the core technology in the oil and gas production,especially for the shale gas extraction.Numerical simulation for optimization design of fracking and productivity prediction is a key factor in successful hydraulic fracturing.This paper introduces the history of hydraulic fracturing technology.It reviews the computer simulation techniques of hydraulic fracturing in the oil and gas field.It covers the following two aspects:computing models(2D model,P3D model and fully 3D model)and numerical methods(continuum-based numerical methods and discontinuum-based numerical methods).Finally,the limitation of current study and the further studies needed are put forward,from the following three aspects.(1 )Improvement of the fully 3D model. The combination of fully 3D model,treatment parameter and monitoring data can calibrate the model itself.The calibrated model can well predict and optimize the real hydraulic fracturing operation.(2 )Selection of numerical methods.There are many methods for hydraulic fracturing.The methods should be comprehensively compared and optimized,in order to verify their applicable scope,computional efficiency and simulation effect.(3 )Numerical simulation of the reservoir with natural fracture network.Natural fracture network increases the anisotropy of rock mechanical property.The interaction between natural further and hydraulic fracture benefits the reservoir stimulation,plays an important role in the geometry,dimension and connectivity rate of hydraulic fracture network. The simulation of the reservoir with natural fracture network will be the hotspot in future study.

关 键 词：水力压裂 数值模拟 计算模型 数值模拟方法 

分 类 号：P642[天文地球—工程地质学]