海南省流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗有效性与安全性评价  

Effectiveness and safety evaluation of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine, Hainan Province

作　　者：曾雪霞[1] 陈碧玉[1] 莫少雄[1] 黄雅靖[1] 潘婷婷[1] 陈洁兰[1] 何剑[1] 李俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南省疾病预防控制中心,海南海口570203

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2015年第9期1698-1700,1715,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：海南省科技厅自然科学基金项目(310176)

摘　　要：目的评价海南省免疫规划使用流行性乙型脑炎(以下简称"乙脑")减毒活疫苗预防接种的有效性和安全性,为乙脑预防接种实施和控制提供策略依据。方法收集1980年以来乙脑疫情资料及2008-2012年乙脑减毒活疫苗接种后疑似预防接种异常反应(Adverse Events Following Immunization;AEFI)监测资料,从乙脑发病率、疫苗保护率、异常反应发生率等流行病学指标评价有效性和安全性。结果 2008-2012年海南省乙脑年均发病率为0.17/10万,疫苗平均保护率为97.52%。AEFI报告203例,总发生率为14.03/10万,以一般反应(发热/红肿/硬结);异常反应发生率为3.53/10万,主要表现为过敏性皮疹,严重异常反应如血小板减少性紫癜、Arthus反应、脑炎和脑膜炎发生率为0.07/10万。结论海南省将乙脑减毒活疫苗纳入儿童计划免疫推广应用效果显著,疫苗安全性高,可继续推广应用乙脑减毒活疫苗。Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis （JE） vaccine （JEV-1） and provide basis for JE vaccination implementation and control. Methods The epidemic data of JE since 1980 and the monitoring features of adverse events following immunization （AEFI） of JEV-I inoculated during 2008-2012 were collected. The effectiveness and safety were evaluated by the JE incidence rate, protection of vaccine, abnormal reaction incidence rate and other indicators, respectively. Results The average JE annual incidence was 0.17/100000 and the protection rate of vaccine was 97.52% from 2008 to 2012. 203 AEFI cases were reported and the overall incidence was 14.03/100000. Most cases were general reaction （fever/red/induration）. The abnormal reaction rate was 3.53/100000, which mainly showed allergic skin rashes. The rate of severe abnormal reaction such as thrombocytopenic purpura, arthus, encephalitis and meningitis incidence was 0,07/100000. Conclusion A significant effect had been achieved after the popularization of live attenuated JE vaccines in Hainan Province. The vaccine had great safety and could be used continually.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎 减毒活疫苗 有效性 安全性 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]