399例急性呼吸道感染患儿呼吸道病毒检出情况分析  

Analysis on the detection situation of respiratory viruses in 399 children with acute respiratory tract infection

作　　者：杨阳[1] 贺菊晖 郭威[1] 李小斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]长沙医学院附属株洲市三三一医院检验科,湖南株洲412002

出　　处：《国际检验医学杂志》2015年第8期1063-1064,1067,共3页International Journal of Laboratory Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童呼吸道感染的病毒病原情况,掌握该地区儿童病毒感染的病原学流行趋势,为儿童呼吸道病毒感染的诊断提供帮助,指导合理用药。方法选取呼吸道感染患儿399例,采集鼻咽深部分泌物,采用直接免疫荧光法快速检测呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、腺病毒（ADV）、流感病毒A（FA）、流感病毒B（FB）和副流感病毒Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型（PIVⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）7种呼吸道常见病毒抗原,分析病毒的分布情况,并从患儿年龄、季节因素等方面进行流行病学特点分析。结果在399例患儿中有142例呼吸道病毒抗原阳性,总阳性率为35.6%,其中RSV感染40例（28.2%）,ADV感染26例（18.3%）,FA感染43例（30.3%）,FB感染15例（10.6%）,PIVⅠ感染5例（3.5%）,PIVⅡ感染4例（2.8%）,PIVⅢ感染9例（6.3%）;〈1岁组感染患儿40例（36.0%）、1-3岁组感染患儿48例（32.0%）,〉3岁组感染患儿54例（39.1%）;春夏秋冬四季患儿病毒感染阳性率分别为32.1%,26.9%,29.3%,45.0%,以冬季阳性率为最高。结论 FA和RSV感染是该地区小儿呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原体;3岁以上婴幼儿FA易感,高发于冬季;1岁以下婴幼儿RSV易感,高发于春季。Objective To investigate the epidemiological feature of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infection and to provide evidences for diagnosis and rational use of drugs .Methods Nasopharyngeal secretion were collected from 399 chil‐dren with acute respiratory tract infection ,and 7 respiratory viruses ,including respiratory syncytial virus （RSV） ,adenovirus（ADV） , influenza virus A （FA ） ,influenza virus B （FB） ,parainfluenza virus Ⅰ（PIVⅠ） ,parainfluenza virus Ⅱ （PIVⅡ ）and parainfluenza vi‐rus Ⅲ（PIVⅢ） ,were detected by using direct immunofluorescence assay .The clinical epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by age group ,virus distribution and seasons .Results Among 399 children ,142 cases were positive for 7 viruses ,which included 40 cases of RSV infection（28 .2% ） ,26 cases of ADV infection （18 .3% ） ,43 cases of FA infection （30 .3% ） ,15 cases of FB infection （10 .6% ） ,5 cases of PIVⅠ infection（3 .5% ） ,4 cases of PIVⅡ infection（2 .8% ） and 9 cases of PIVⅢ infection（6 .3% ） .The total positive rate was 35 .6% .The number of infected infants of 〈1 year group were 40 cases（36 .0% ） ,the number of infected infants of 1 to 3 year group were 48 cases（32 .0% ） and the number of infected infants of 〉3 year group were 54 cases（39 .1 .0% ） .In 4 seasons ,the positive rates were 32 .1% （spring） ,26 .9% （summer） ,29 .3% （autumn） ,45 .0% （winter）respectively .The positive rate in winter was the highest .Conclusion FA and RSV is the major virus in children with respiratory tract infection .FA infection rate in infants（〉3 years old ）is the highest ,and FA is most prevalent in winter .RSV infection rate in infants （〈 1 years old ）is the highest ,and RSV is most prevalent in spring .

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 儿童 呼吸道合胞病毒 腺病毒 流感病毒 副流感病毒 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]