异域视角下的晚清教育:观念、内容与方法  

Education in the Late Qing Dynasty in Foreigners'Eyes:Its Concepts,Contents,and Methods

作　　者：王筱宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学历史文化学院,天津300387

出　　处：《西北师大学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期64-68,共5页Journal of Northwest Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：全国教育科学"十一五"规划课题"中国教育活动史"(DAA090143)

摘　　要：在异域人士看来,晚清教育不仅观念陈旧,而且在内容与方法上存在严重问题。观念陈旧体现在将教育定位成维持社会秩序的一种手段,过度强调教育的功利性而忽视教育的自身价值;内容问题体现在古典教育占据了教育的绝大部分内容,鲜有科学教育的成分;方法问题体现在念、背、打等灌输法而非启发法依然是教育中主导方法。其结果使教育也使得教育所培养的人仅能成为现存社会的被动适应者,不能成为社会发展的推动者或引领者,这是中国教育乃至社会难以实现新陈代谢的主要原因。In the eyes of foreigners , there were serious problems in education in the late Qing Dynasty , which manifested not only in the concepts on education , but also in contents and teaching methods as well . As for outdated concepts , education was regarded as a part of politics , overemphasized the utility of education ,and ignored the self‐value of education . As for contents ,classics education occupied major position with little science education . As for teaching methods , they were mainly characterized by teacher‐centered instilling and indoctrinating students with monotonous reading , punishment , and rote memorization ,etc .All of the problems resulted in the fact that educated people were reduced to becoming passive followers , rather than facilitators or leaders to prompt the social development , which heavily hindered the progress and innovation of Chinese education and society .

关 键 词：异域视角 晚清教育 功利性教育导向 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理] K252[文化科学—教育学]